Welfare spending and mortality rates for the elderly before the Social Security era

We analyze the impact of the original means-tested old-age assistance (OAA) programs on the health of the elderly prior to the first Social Security pension payments. Before 1935 a number of states had enacted their own OAA laws. After 1935 the federal government began offering matching grants and thus stimulated the adoption of OAA programs by the states. A new panel data set of 75 cities for each year between 1929 and 1938 combines mortality rates for older age groups with three measures of the OAA programs, spending on non-age-specific relief and a rich set of correlates. The data are analyzed using difference-in-difference-in-difference and instrumental variables methods. Our results suggest that old-age assistance in the 1930s had little impact on the death rate of the elderly. Our sense is that the OAA programs in the 1930s transferred the elderly from general relief programs without necessarily increasing the resources available to them.     

弥勒县彝族文化旅游资源研究

弥勒县是彝族人口比较多的一个县市,彝族人口在10万以上,居住着众多支系,各支系都创造了丰富多彩的文化。本文对弥勒县的彝族文化旅游做了一个简单的探析,以便为进一步的旅游开发提供参考。     

新农保养老金政策效果评估——基于老年人生活幸福感的实证研究

作为一项重要的社会保障政策,新农保养老金的效果到底如何,目前学术界还没有统一的评估结论。本文基于2016年中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据,使用断点回归设计的方法,利用老年人幸福感指标对新型农村社会养老保险的政策效果进行了评估。本文从老年人对生活的满意度和自信心两个维度来衡量幸福感,发现领取养老金对其生活满意度的影响尚不显著,但提升了其对未来生活的信心。异质性分析发现东部地区和中高收入地位的老年人在领取新农保养老金后生活幸福感提升较为显著,但现实中挤出效应的影响更大。最后,作为社会支持的新农保与传统的“养儿防老”观念存在一定的替代效应。     

贫困是否影响农村中老年人的精神健康——基于CHARLS数据的实证研究

农村老年人在经济上是最为弱势的群体,他们的贫困发生率远远高于城市老人。贫困不仅体现为物质上的剥夺,更会引起认知退化和抑郁等精神健康上的问题。文章使用中国健康与养老追踪调查数据,实证考察经济状况对农村中老年人精神健康的影响。多层线性模型估计结果表明：家庭人均年收入每提高一千元,反映认知状况的情景记忆显著提高0.132分、精神状态显著提高0.121分,而反映抑郁程度的CES-D则显著下降0.293分。进一步分析表明,收入对精神健康的促进作用对高收入者更大。考虑到农村更加严重的老龄化程度,通过减贫实现农村中老年人精神健康状况的改善将具有重要的现实意义。     

Does the recognition of indigenous territories impact household economic situations? Evidence from western Panama

The Government of Panama created a semi-autonomous indigenous area in 1997. The establishment of this region institutionalizes indigenous authorities and prohibits land privatization. This study investigates the effect of the recognition of common property land to indigenous groups on economic performance. By using difference-in-differences approach at household-level data, I find that non-migrant indigenous households living in the semi-autonomous territory declined their consumption relative to their counterparts living outside. Further, indigenous households living in the semi-autonomous territory have lower access to public goods and are less likely to participate in agricultural market activities.     

培养企业人才 培育企业文化

从企业长远发展的战略高度,结合企业实际,从强化意识用人才、多种渠道聚人才、公开择优选人才、形式多样育人才、依靠制度管人才和凭借事业留人才等多角度以及企业文化在企业管理中的重要作用,研究了人才工作和企业文化建设的重要性。企业文化是企业腾飞之魂,企业文化塑造企业形象,企业文化规范企业行为,企业文化能促进企业的有效管理。山西省交通监理总公司成立十年多来,之所以取得较好的成绩,先后被国家建设部和交通部评为“全国先进建设监理单位”,最重要的一点就是将质量与企业文化相结合,建立、健全了一套完整的以质量和诚信为中心的企业文化,以此来不断提高监理服务质量,不断发展壮大,并取得了较好的社会效益和经济效益。     

黄帝与华夏文明——黄帝治理天下及其创造发明概述

华夏部落联盟的形成,标志着古代五大民族集团的格局初步形成,也标志着黄帝的武功告成。他的文治随着部落迁徙和定都,也日趋重要和突出。其主要表现在安抚万民、创造发明、制度建立、各部族和睦相处等方面,被史学家誉称为中华文明形成的标志性人物。     

以人为本的经济学分析

“以人为本”被运用到企业人力资源管理层面,从经济学意义上说,应该是企业和员工双方为了解决现实中由于信息不对称引所起的各种问题而作出的一种经济行为,是一种理性的选择。     

China's Stock Market: New Year, New Trends

On February 5th,the last trading day in the Year of the Pig,continued the falling trend in China's A-share market,and large companies like PetroChina lifted restrictions on sales of large volume heavyweight shares.The Shanghai Stock index dropped by 1.55 percent,which completely broke people's belief in the stock market as China moved into the New Year.     

100-day Countdown Celebrated in China

The spring comes,and the summer is not far away.In the approaching green season,China will hold a grand sport meeting,which Chinese and other nations thirst for.Chinese people welcomed the upcoming Olympic Games in various Ways on April 30,100 days ahead of the gala.