碳税征收对我国宏观经济及碳减排影响的模拟研究

本文通过构建动态可计算一般均衡（DCGE）模型,模拟分析了2007-2020年期间不同碳税水平、不同能源使用效率、不同碳税使用方式对二氧化碳减排强度、二氧化碳排放强度边际变化率、部门产出及其价格、经济发展、社会福利等变量的影响。研究结论表明：随着碳税税率的增加,单位碳税二氧化碳排放强度边际变化率呈现逐渐减小的变化趋势,相比较而言,能源使用效率越高,单位碳税的二氧化碳排放强度边际变化率越大;在能源消费环节征收碳税,同时降低居民所得税税率,并保持政府财政收入中性,可以实现在减少二氧化碳排放强度的同时使得社会福利水平有所增加,从而可以实现碳税的“双重红利”效应。     

关于来宾市金融支持节能减排问题的研究

金融是现代经济的核心,推动和促进节能减排离不开金融的支持.本文概述发达国家绿色信贷的实践经验,以能源资源消耗强度高和能源供需矛盾突出的来宾市为视角,分析研究金融支持节能减排的现状、存在问题和困难,并借鉴发达国家绿色信贷的实践经验,提出完善金融有效支持节能减排的政策建议.     

Is the agricultural industry spared from the influence of the Australian carbon tax?

The Australian agricultural sector provides food security for the nation and affects the livelihood of farmers and the development of rural communities. This sector has been uneasy about the Australian carbon tax scheme introduced in July 2012 although the government has exempted the agricultural sector from the scheme. By employing a computable general equilibrium model and an environmentally extended Social Accounting Matrix, this article simulates the effects of different carbon tax policy scenarios. The modeling results show that all agricultural sectors will be affected negatively but to differing degrees. The household compensation policy will improve the performance of the poultry and fishing sectors, while having opposite effects in the other agricultural sectors. The inclusion of the agricultural industry into the carbon tax scheme will lead to a considerable further decrease in output, employment and profitability in the agricultural sector, and a significant further reduction in real GDP, but a much larger emission reduction.     

Urban taxis and air pollution: a case study in Harbin, China

Taxis share a high proportion of urban traffic volume and contribute a large proportion to urban air pollution. This paper addressees this context by exploring urban taxi air pollution emissions and possible reduction countermeasures. Based on a survey of Harbin taxis, we have developed different urban taxi pollution emissions models and considered taxi passenger occupancy and taxi average vacant ratio. To reduce taxi air pollution emission, this paper sets a reduction goal and puts forward three kinds of transport management policies. These are taxi market regulation, introduction of electric and Liquefied Petroleum Gas powered vehicles, and the introduction of dial-a-ride services. The paper provides recommendations for managing urban taxi development using these strategies.     

碳排放权交易市场体系研究述评

随着“低碳”成为经济发展的新趋势,碳减排、碳排放权交易也成为了研究的热点。然而碳排放权交易市场是一个复杂的体系,涵盖了碳排放权的初始分配、碳定价、政府监管、信息技术、法律完善等诸多环节,同时还要考虑它与经济发展的内在关系,对相关研究的梳理,有助于为我国碳排放权交易市场体系理论研究的发展和国内碳排放权交易市场的建立、完善提供参考。     

日本发展低碳经济的未来构想

由于碳排放引起的全球气候变暖等生态环境危机的日益加剧,发展低碳经济已逐步成为全球共识。随着全球陷入深刻的金融危机,各工业发达国家纷纷把发展与低碳经济密切相关的可再生能源与环境产业作为刺激经济复苏、创造就业,借以走出危机的一项重要措施。在上述背景下,日本政府于2008年7月提出了《低碳社会行动计划》,并于2009年相继发表了《绿色经济与社会变革》和《2050年削减温室气体80%的规划》等政策草案,力图通过确立发展低碳经济的目标,实施一系列相关政策措施,实现日本发展低碳经济的未来构想。     

碳排放权交易制度设计的若干问题

自2011年我国开展碳排放权交易试点以来,各试点省市正紧锣密鼓开展机制和政策设计、法规和技术储备、MRV基础能力建设等工作。由于缺乏国家层面的顶层设计,各地探索的政策理解、重点、切入点、推进思路不尽相同,离预期目标仍有差距。试点工作2年多,碳排放权交易制度设计的一些关键环节尚无实质性突破。鉴于此,本文重点对配额总量设置、配额分配、体制缺陷、法规创设、MRV机制等关键问题进行解析,并提出相应的思路与建议。     

Efficiency losses from overlapping regulation of EU carbon emissions

In order to achieve their climate policy targets EU member states apply various regulatory instruments. We investigate the potential efficiency losses arising from the imposition of emission taxes on sectors that are covered by the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). Our analysis indicates the possibility of substantial excess cost through overlapping regulation. We show that unilateral emission taxes on sectors subject to the EU ETS are environmentally ineffective and increase overall compliance cost of the EU ETS.      

外商直接投资、产业集聚与策略性减排

本文将反映行业相似性的技术距离矩阵及经济距离矩阵引入空间杜宾模型,实证检验了外商直接投资与产业集聚互动对环境污染的影响。研究结果表明我国行业污染排放存在一定的策略性竞争,其中经济属性相似的行业间存在减排竞争效应,技术结构相似的行业间却体现出一定程度的排污攀比效应。在控制了FDI与产业集聚的交互作用后,FDI引入明显降低了行业污染排放强度。产业集聚进一步强化了FDI的减排溢出效应,并带动了邻近行业间的策略性减排竞争。