The impact of recent mental health changes on employment: new evidence from longitudinal data

This study uses longitudinal data and four different measures of mental health to tease out the impact of psychiatric disorder onsets and recoveries on employment outcomes. Results suggest that developing a mental health problem leads to a significant increase in the probability of transitioning to non-employment, while a recovery increases the probability of return to work among the not employed with a mental health problem. No consistent effect was found on hours worked and earnings. Research and policy attention is needed with respect to early interventions such as job retention programmes to help workers with mental health problems remain employed as well as interventions that may lead to recovery and return to work. More research is needed especially with data and models that can differentiate between the effects of mental health onsets and recoveries on employment exit and return to work transitions.     

Employment discrimination in a former Soviet Union Republic: Evidence from a field experiment

We provide the first experimental evidence about ethnic and gender discrimination in the labor market of a former Soviet Union country, Georgia. We randomly assign Georgian and non-Georgian, male and female, names to similar resumes and apply for jobs as advertised on help-wanted websites in Georgia. We find that gender has no effect on the probability of callback, but a job applicant who is ethnically Georgian is more than twice as likely to be called for a job interview than an equally skilled ethnic non-Georgian (Azerbaijani or Armenian). The 113% ethnic gap in callbacks (167% among males and 79% among females), which is substantially larger than the gap typically documented in the existing literature for both developed and developing countries, is statistically significant and cannot be abridged by having more experience or education. There is no evidence of gender discrimination in callbacks, both within the Georgian group and the non-Georgian group.     

知识生产范式转型及对大学学术职业的影响

在高级知识社会,传统线性创新范式逐渐演化为以“三重螺旋”、“四重螺旋”、“五重螺旋”为典型模式的开放式创新生态系统范式。创新范式不断演化为知识生产范式转型提供了适应性情景,模式1知识生产范式开始向模式2 和模式3知识生产范式转型。模式1到模式2和模式3知识生产范式的转型,对大学学术职业产生了直接影响,“核心教职”和“终身教职”开始走向“跨界就业”或“多重就业”。     

我国政府经济刺激方案的结构性优化

受全球性金融危机的影响,我国经济运行面临着极其严峻的挑战,对此,我国政府及时采取了一系列稳定国内经济的政策措施,其中以政府新增4万亿的经济振兴计划最为引人注目。本文在利用乘数-加速数模型和误差修正模型对经济增长效应与就业效应进行实证分析的基础上,从经济结构的角度对各行业的经济增长效应、就业效应和综合效应进行了分析与比较,并依定量分析的结果提出了经济刺激方案的结构性优化路径选择方式。     

International commodity taxation in the presence of unemployment

In this paper, we evaluate the impact of commodity tax competition on welfare and employment under the destination and origin principles, when the labor market is imperfectly competitive owing to a binding fixed wage. Our main finding is that commodity taxation causes an employment externality whose signs may be opposite under the two principles. While tax competition leads to inefficient tax rates under both principles, we also prove that the origin principle guarantees lower unemployment and higher welfare when the fixed wage is high. Finally, we show that the employment externality still exists in a standard union model of wage determination.     

A Markov–switching vector equilibrium correction model of the UK labour market

There is a wide literature on the dynamic adjustment of employment and its relationship with the business cycle. In this paper we present a statistical model that offers a congruent representation of part of the UK labour market since the mid 1960s. We use a cointegrated vector autoregressive Markov-switching model in which some parameters change according to the phase of the business cycle. Output, employment, labour supply and real earnings are found to have a common cyclical component. The long run dynamics are characterized by one cointegrating vector relating unemployment to trend-adjusted real wages and output. Despite there having been many changes affecting this sector of the UK economy, the Markov-switching vector-equilibrium-correction model with three regimes (representing recession, normal growth, and high growth) provides a good characterization of the sample data, and performs well relative to alternative linear and non-linear models. The results of an impulse-response analysis highlight the dangers of using VARs when the constancy of the estimated coefficients has not been established, and demonstrate the advantages of generating regime dependent responses. First Version Received: December 2000/Final Version Received: August 2001     

城镇劳动力市场雇佣关系的演化及影响因素

本文利用跨度为二十年(1988年到2007年)的微观家计数据,分析了我国城镇地区雇佣关系在经济转型时期从单一固定工向多元灵活雇佣关系转变的过程。将我国城镇地区的雇佣关系分成四种类型,探讨了雇佣关系构成从1988年到2007年的变化及其影响因素,以及各种因素的相对重要性。分析发现,从1988年开始,我国的雇佣关系构成中灵活雇佣比重开始逐步上升,到2002年,短期雇佣、无合同雇佣等灵活雇佣形式的比重达到一个较高水平,进入2007年,稳定雇佣关系的比重略有回升。扩展的Oaxaca-Blinder分解所得结果表明,从1995年到2002年,劳动力市场灵活性增强主要受到转型过程中制度变迁等不可观测因素的影响;进入2007年,稳定的雇佣关系比重略有回升,放松管制和市场深化的效应逐渐释放殆尽,特征变量对提高雇佣稳定性的作用开始显现。     

论就业机会产品失灵问题的政府治理

中国劳动力市场的典型特征是就业机会与劳动力资源之间的信息分布不对称,而就业机会实质上是一种公共产品。根据市场失灵理论,解决公共品市场失灵问题时政府与市场两条思路均可采用。文章沿袭自古典经济学家庇古以来的传统,认为应该引入政府的干预来解决就业机会的市场失灵问题．并在此基础上提出相应的建议。     

从就业现状谈电子商务教学应注意的问题

上世纪末,电子商务席卷全球,掀起了学习电子商务的热潮.为了满足各个行业对电子商务人才的渴求,各高校纷纷开设电子商务专业,在一定程度上为电子商务领域的人才培养奠定了基础.但伴随着电子商务专业毕业生走向社会,问题也随之而来:本应成为时代宠儿的电子商务专业在人才市场屡遭冷落,就业率远低于大学生就业的平均水平.基于电子商务专业毕业生的就业现状,提出高校电子商务教学应注意的问题.     

高校扩招对毕业生就业影响的经济学思考

中国高校扩招以来,毕业生就业问题日益凸显。高校连续扩招和毕业生就业期望调整中存在“刚性”这两个因素的交互作用,是造成扩招后毕业生持续就业难的一个重要原因,未来几年中国应当将高等教育发展的速度调控在合理的范围内,以减轻毕业生的就业压力。