国有部门向非国有部门转型的动态过程分析

文章从转轨过程中的"有限理性"和生物进化的复制动态机制出发,将组织制度的效率与制度可能性边界的可扩展性联系起来,并将国有部门和非国有部门的互动关系看成不同物种间的相互作用;不仅重视组织间的竞争关系,还注意到转轨时期存在的国有与非国有部门之间的"收入转移"和对非国有部门的"额外综合税赋".将整个转轨过程分为两个阶段:一是市场竞争机制尚未形成阶段;二是市场竞争机制形成阶段.文章认为国有部门与非国有部门比例是否趋于0取决于:(1)非国有部门的制度可能性边界的扩展性;(2)非国有部门对国有部门的竞争程度;(3)国有与非国有部门之间的"收入转移".     

The rebound effect on energy efficiency improvements in China’s transportation sector: A CGE analysis

Energy use is becoming more efficient due to technological innovations. We focused on the transportation sector in China to develop a national multisector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for analyzing the rebound effect from an improvement of 10% in the energy efficiency. We compared the size of the energy rebound effect at both the macroeconomic and sectoral levels in different transportation modal subsectors, namely rail, road, water, and air travel. The findings showed that the magnitude of the rebound effect varies across the transportation modes. This is particularly true for the air transportation sector, which has an economy-wide rebound effect of 30.1% and an own-sector rebound effect of 74.6% because of a sharp increase in the export demand for air transport services. We also quantitatively evaluated the contribution of energy efficiency improvement in the transportation sector to China’s economic growth and carbon reductions and found a positive dividend effect on the economy as well as the environment. The modeling results suggest that improving overall transportation energy efficiency by 10% generates an economy-wide welfare gain of approximately 29 billion yuan, while 19 billion yuan are attributable to a more efficient road transportation subsector. Furthermore, to offset the effects of these mode-specific rebound effects, we simulated the effectiveness of different policies and solutions. These included economic instruments in the form of energy, environmental, and carbon taxes, household transport consumption structure adjustments, and energy structure adjustments. This study revealed that combining these sustainable development policies offers opportunities for economy-wide multisectoral improvements in energy savings, emissions reduction, and economic benefits.     

后补贴时代中国新能源汽车产业发展研究

2019年3月,四部委公布新一轮新能源汽车补贴政策,相比2018年标准平均退坡超50%。自政策公布之后,国内新能源汽车市场环境发生巨变,新能源汽车销量增长明显放缓,部分新能源汽车及零部件企业经营困难甚至倒闭,加之以特斯拉为首的外资新能源汽车企业陆续在华设厂投产,使国内新能源汽车市场竞争加剧,下行压力增大,新能源汽车产业正式进入后补贴时代,在此背景下,需要政府部门、相关企业重新评估市场现状,制定新的新能源汽车产业发展战略和路径,推动产业持续健康地发展。     

能源回弹效应下高碳产业低碳转型过程中的技术突变性

考虑能源回弹效应下,分析高碳产业低碳技术突变技术门槛,发现技术碳减排存在由量变到质变的门槛效应,另外还发现能源回弹对门槛效应具有显著影响。运用Hansen门限面板模型、结合CD生产函数的能源回弹模型发现：①不考虑能源回弹效应,高碳产业低碳化过程中的技术突变存在两个门槛;②考虑能源回弹作用,将减少为一个门槛,并且将延长高碳产业完成低碳技术突变所需时间。因此,为加快高碳产业低碳技术突变,有效减少碳排放,一方面应缓解能源回弹效应的影响,对能源回弹效应较大的高碳产业采取实时监控,对能源回弹较小的高碳产业采取定期检查和不定期抽检方式监控;货币政策、财政政策和产业政策相互配合,在高碳产业拉动经济增长的同时,最大限度控制能源回弹效应。另一方面,市场手段和政府职能双管齐下,协助企业低碳技术升级和设备改造,优化税收结构,弥补低碳技术升级导致的负外部性,完善高碳产业转移或市场退出机制。     

可持续理念下的交互景观设计策略与方法研究

在信息化时代,科技高速发展,人们赖以生存的城市正在向智慧型城市转变,并不断将科学技术整合到创造性活动之中。景观作为城市系统的一部分,具有艺术形式与人文内涵,需要满足多元化的服务需求。景观的交互设计注重功能优化与美学提升,成为解决传统景观弊端的方式。从交互理念在景观设计中的应用出发,对交互景观设计策略与方法进行研究,通过对智慧城市背景下的交互景观发展优势与必要性进行论述,研究交互景观发展现状。以北京海淀Smart能量公园为例进行交互景观的设计分析,提出交互景观设计策略与方法,并对交互景观未来发展趋势进行展望。     

浅析21世纪俄罗斯能源战略对东北亚能源合作的影响

能源不仅是俄罗斯实现经济发展的重要手段,也是重建俄罗斯大国形象的有力武器.21世纪初俄罗斯对其能源发展战略进行了重大调整,这将会引起东北亚国家相应的能源合作战略的改变.对中国来说,既要积极参与远东地区的能源合作,也要建设多元化的能源战略,唯其如此,才能保证中国的能源安全.     

分布式供能与循环经济的能源结构优化

认为分布式供能为城市循环经济发展过程中的能源结构优化提供了新的选择途径,是传统的集中式供能不可或缺的补充和替代,代表着新型绿色供能模式更新换代的发展趋向,成为许多城市发展循环经济的契入点.认为这一新型供能模式的启动与发展需要城市管理决策者的政策引导和社会力量参与的市场化运作.     

对住宅建筑规划与设计的节能措施探讨

随着社会环境问题的日益严峻以及相关环保产业大力发展,对住宅建筑规划与设计的节能措施的探讨越来越成为相关行业研究的热点问题。本文重点探讨住宅建筑规划与设计中的一些常用节能措施以及这些措施在实际操作中的一些限制因子。     

Modelling interactions among the housing market and key US sectors

This study evaluates the dynamic interactions among the housing market and ten key US sectors including: consumer discretionary, consumer staples, energy, financials, industrial, technology, health care, materials, utility and telecommunications. Long-run results indicate that the housing market is integrated with each of the ten sector and that the degree of convergence has increased over time and especially after the onset of the most recent housing crisis. Moreover, the housing market contributes most heavily to the common trends indicating that the housing market is the ‘leader’ market that drives each sector towards the long-run equilibrium relationships. Short-run analyses indicate causal linkages emanating from the housing market to each sector with reciprocal feedback. Finally, impulse response function analysis reveal that shocks from each sector affect the housing market but that shocks from the housing market have a (comparatively) more profound and persistent impact on each sector.     

北京等四直辖市能源利用效果的对比分析——描述统计与面板数据研究

本文基于1985-2006年中国北京、天津、上海、重庆四大直辖市的经济与能源统计数据,利用人均能源终端消费量、单位GDP能耗、能源消费弹性系数等描述性统计方法对中国地区能源利用效果进行了比较研究,并基于FGLS估计方法和Swamy变系数面板数据模型,对四大直辖市能源利用状况的扩张趋势以及能源利用水平的差异进行了测度,并提出相应政策建议.