产品缺陷责任与产品瑕疵责任比较研究

产品缺陷责任和产品瑕疵责任是产品质量责任中两个比较容易混淆的概念。我国法律并未对二者作出明确的区分,导致实践中产生很多问题。因此,明确产品缺陷责任和产品瑕疵责任的联系与区别,对恰当地处理因产品质量问题导致的侵害案件,从而更好的保护消费者的权益,促进社会的和谐、稳定与发展,都显得尤为重要。     

Did support for economic and political reforms increase during the post‐communist transition,and if so,why?

We study the dynamics of individual support for changes in the economic and political system, using a unique dataset for 12 transition economies over the period 1991–2004. We document that support for transition was initially lower in the CIS countries and that there has been a converging trend in the support for reforms between the CIS and the Baltic and Central and Eastern European countries. We suggest several explanations for the initial divergence and the post‐98 convergence in support for transition between these three groups of countries, and show that economic growth, declining income inequality and improving quality of governance have contributed to increase the support for transition. In addition, we find that increased support for the market economy and democracy in the CIS is accompanied by a larger increase in trust towards the political institutions. Our results also confirm the implications of Aghion et al. ( 2010 )'s model of a negative correlation between trust and the demand for government regulation.     

发达国家解决中小企业融资难题的主要模式及借鉴意义

解决中小企业融资难问题必须以政府为核心,在突破现有政策的基础上,通过制度创新重新制定整体方案.其核心内容包括:建立以中央政府为核心,各级政府和企业参与的多层次社会的中小企业信用担保体系;深化中小企业改革,建立和完善中小企业法人治理结构和信用体系;深化金融体制改革,在引进国内外战略投资者的同时,通过对现有城市商业银行的重组,设立以中小企业服务为核心的中小企业银行;加快资本市场的制度创新,推出创业板市场,在增加中小企业对风险投资吸引力的同时,使更多合格的中小企业进入资本市场,打通中小企业的直接融资渠道.     

Anti‐immigration policy in the destination country and skilled–unskilled wage inequality in a source economy with or without unemployment

This paper is aimed at theoretically examining the consequence of the anti‐immigration policy adopted in the destination country on the skilled–unskilled wage inequality in a source nation using a couple of two‐sector, specific‐factor general equilibrium models in both the presence and absence of unemployment. Emigration requires incurring some capital cost for professional skill formation on the part of every prospective emigrant that adds to the opportunity cost of emigration. The authority of the destination country determines the number of visas to be granted and hence directly controls the magnitude of skilled emigration from the source country. In the migration equilibrium, the expected skilled wage income abroad is equal to the opportunity cost of emigration. In both the presence and absence of unemployment of unskilled labor, the outcome of the policy on the wage inequality crucially hinges on both the magnitude of the fixed cost of emigration and the technological factors. In the specific‐factor Harris–Todaro model, the degree of imperfection in the unskilled labor market is an additional factor. Finally, some policy recommendations have been made for protecting the interest of the poor unskilled workforce.     

同伴互助学习在大学英语网络自主学习模式中互补发展的实证研究

以多媒体网络技术为手段的大学英语网络自主学习模式广泛应用于大学英语教学中。这种模式弥补了传统教学的不足,充分发挥了其信息化的优势,对教学起到了积极的作用.但是在网络自主学习模式的发展过程中也不可避免的产生一系列新的问题。经过对这些问题的深入分析后,提出了同伴互助学习模式和网络自主学习模式的互补发展模式。     

The end of the flat tax experiment in Slovakia: An evaluation using behavioural microsimulation in a dynamic macroeconomic framework

The paper introduces a new way of linking microsimulation models with dynamic general equilibrium frameworks to obtain an evaluation of the impact of detailed tax and benefit measures on the aggregate economy. In the approach presented in this paper, income heterogeneity interacts with the macro-economy via aggregated individual labour supply decisions which influence, and are influenced by, the dynamic evolution of the real wage rate. The method involves a reduced-form representation of the information flow between the macroeconomic and microeconomic blocks. The practical usefulness of the approach is demonstrated by evaluating actual and hypothetical tax reforms that involve abandoning the flat tax system in Slovakia. A hypothetical move to a highly progressive tax structure is shown to generate some employment gains but is associated with a drop in aggregate income and tax revenue.     

Factors in the Development of Trade Credit: Case Study of Provinces in China

Using Chinese province-level panel data for 2001-9, we investigate significant factors for the development of financial intermediation via trade credit in developing economies. First, we confirm that a competitive market environment, a well-functioning legal system, and greater bank loans for non-state-sector firms promote the development of trade credit in China. Conversely, corruption hinders its development. Second, we find that proper functioning of the legal system and bank lending to non-state-sector firms are highly likely to be the causes of the complex relationships between these determinants. Finally, we observe that an increase in the number of lawyers effectively improves the quality and function of the legal system, which, in turn, alleviates the harmful influence of corruption on trade credit development.     

退耕还林中的中央政府与地方政府最优激励合约

在对地方政府执行退耕还林政策的成本收益进行分析的基础上,文章运用Holmstrom和Milgrom(1991)提出的多项任务委托—代理模型的精神,构建了一个中央政府与地方政府之间的双重任务委托—代理模型,并将土地资源禀赋因子引入该模型中,形成了一个新的分析框架,据此对中央政府与地方政府在退耕还林工程实施过程中的最优激励合约作出了研究。结果表明,在设计激励合约时,中央政府应根据地区的土地资源禀赋、地方政府的Arrow-Pratt绝对风险规避度量、退耕还林实施绩效的变异性等因素确定地方政府的可变收益分配率,并让地方政府的收益与退耕还林的实施绩效直接挂钩。在此基础上,文章就提高地方政府执行退耕还林政策的积极性提出了一组政策建议。     

中国寿险需求实证分析

本文对国内外的寿险需求分析研究进行了简单综述，在此基础上抽取全目30省市1998—2003年的数据．采取面板数据模型就收入、通货膨胀、社会保障、银行利率、死亡率等寿险需求影响因素与保费收入相关性作了Granger因果性检验分析。     

关于财政总预算会计制度改革的探讨

20世纪90年代,我国预算会计改革已取得重大成就,初步建立起适应社会主义市场经济需要的预算会计体系。近年来,随着我国以预算管理为中心的财政制度的不断深化,预算会计制度的诸多问题和局限性也逐渐产生和显现出来,面临着如何作进一步的改革问题。本文通过分析现行财政总预算会计制度的基本特点,探讨财政总预算会计制度存在的问题,并为进一步改进财政总预算会计制度的核算和管理提出一些看法。