Habitual entrepreneurs: Possible cases of entrepreneurship addiction?

We examine the underlying psychological processes that may motivate habitual entrepreneurs to engage in entrepreneurship repeatedly. By drawing on the psychology literature on behavioral addictions, such as workaholism and Internet use, we develop a framework that defines the symptomatology of what we identify as a “behavioral addiction to entrepreneurship.” Through interviews with two habitual entrepreneurs, we demonstrate how these addiction symptoms manifest in the entrepreneurial context. We also demonstrate how psychological, emotional, and physiological aspects of the entrepreneurial experience reinforce a behavioral addiction to entrepreneurship. Our theorizing offers insights into the psychological origins of repeated engagement in venture creation activities and yields insights into possible “dark side” of entrepreneurship outcomes.     

Trademarks and venture capital valuation

This study investigates the role of trademarks in the start-up valuations of venture capitalists (VCs). Our results show that the number and breadth of trademark applications have inverted U-shaped relationships with the financial valuations of start-ups by VCs. The findings also indicate that in later funding rounds, the value of trademark applications decreases when the start-up progresses into more advanced development stages. Start-ups should consider these findings when seeking funding from VCs and should stress their market and growth orientations and their willingness to protect their marketing investments by highlighting their trademark activities.     

What do i want? The effects of individual aspiration and relational capability on collaboration preferences

Research summary: We examine individuals' collaboration preferences in the Knowledge Transfer Network (KTN) for the UK plastics electronics sector. Using conjoint analysis, we investigate how aspiration gaps and relational capability affect the value placed on potential organizational collaborations. Aspiration gaps reflect individuals' perception of whether they are ahead of or behind peers on their career trajectory, and relational capability captures three distinct dimensions: networking skills, openness to collaborate, and network awareness. Our findings suggest that positive and negative aspiration gaps augment preferences to form organizational partnerships. These effects are positively moderated by networking skills and openness and negatively moderated by network awareness. We discuss the implications of these findings for theories of partnership formation, scientific collaboration, and behavioral strategy. Managerial summary: University–industry collaboration is important to the creation and application of new knowledge. Such collaboration requires individuals of different backgrounds to work together, which can be difficult. We investigate what drives individuals' preferences to collaborate. We find that individuals who consider themselves ahead of or behind their peers are more favorable toward collaboration. We also find that networking skill and openness augment this positive collaboration disposition whereas awareness of the network members makes one more selective and reduces the proclivity to collaborate. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

感知创业阻碍对创业行为倾向的影响——创业教育的调节作用

2015年以来，我国创业活跃度整体呈显著下滑趋势，影响国家经济高质量发展。基于SSO框架，构建感知创业阻碍对创业行为倾向的作用机制模型，揭示我国创业活跃度不高的原因，探讨创业教育对该机制的调节作用，从降低感知创业阻碍对创业行为倾向不良影响视角明确创业教育实施效果。采用259份创客问卷调研数据对研究模型进行实证检验，结果发现：在感知创业阻碍的3个维度中，感知失去金融资源对失败恐惧的正向影响最强，感知失去社会支持次之，感知失去市场需求对失败恐惧的正向影响不显著；失败恐惧对个体创业行为倾向具有直接阻碍作用；创业教育明显削弱了感知失去金融资源、感知失去社会支持对失败恐惧的正向影响，并降低了失败恐惧对创业行为倾向的阻碍作用。     

制度环境与创业认知组态如何驱动不同模式创业

创新创业是推动我国经济转型升级与高质量发展的重要引擎。基于组态视角，整合管制、认知和规范3个制度环境层面前因条件，以及能力感知、机会识别和失败恐惧3个创业认知层面前因条件，以全球创业观察数据库中的51个国家为研究样本，采用模糊集定性比较分析法探讨影响不同创业模式的多重并发条件与因果复杂机制、不同经济体之间的创业模式差异及创业模式演化路径。研究发现：第一，生存型创业驱动机制可划分为制度环境缺失的能力驱动型模式、规范制度主导的机会识别型模式和制度环境缺失的风险承担型模式3种。第二，机会型创业驱动机制可划分为规范制度缺失的创业认知型模式、规范制度引导的机会识别型模式、认知制度支持的创业认知型模式和管制制度保障的能力机会型模式4种。其中，机会识别是驱动机会型创业的关键条件，管制、认知和规范三维制度之间存在替代效应，可以推动高机会识别群体选择机会型创业。第三，要素驱动型经济体以生存型创业为主，部分国家推动机会型创业；效率驱动型经济体同时发展生存型创业和机会型创业，创新驱动型经济体高度重视机会型创业。在此基础上，构建路径选择—模式演化—经济体转型研究框架，为推动生存型创业向机会型创业演化进而向创新驱动型经济体转型升级、助推经济高质量发展提供理论指导和实践启示。     

精英还是普惠？严格入孵对孵育绩效的影响

孵育机制创新作为一种切实可行的办法备受学者关注，针对现有文献只见“在孵”不见“入孵”的研究困境，以严格入孵作为孵育机制创新的逻辑起点，考察其对孵育绩效的影响，并从孵化器主体与严选导向两个方面揭示上述经济后果差异。同时，通过分析创业失败抑制行为，厘清严格入孵影响路径与作用机理，以指导孵化器开展严格入孵工作并提高创业企业“转危为机”的能力。研究发现，严格入孵与孵育绩效之间存在非线性关系，且孵化器类型与严选导向的交互作用会对孵育绩效产生不同影响。同时，在制度情境约束下，创业即兴在严格入孵与孵育绩效间发挥中介效应。研究结论不仅可为经济高质量发展背景下孵化器改革转型提供启示，而且可为创业失败理论与孵育机制相融合作出独具中国特色的贡献。     

“创而不业”为哪般？象征性创业形成机理研究——基于扎根理论的分析

创业活动日益活跃的同时，“创而不业”现象也随之增多，此类创业与传统意义上的创业在行为表现、创业动机等方面有本质的区别，但未引起学术界足够重视。基于此，运用扎根理论选取13个案例，探讨象征性创业类型、形成路径与机理。研究发现：①象征性创业与实质性创业行为表现差异源于创业动机不同，后者追求创业的实质意义，即通过机会识别与开发实现价值创造，而前者则是在象征意义驱动下的行为选择；②根据外部诱因与动机不同，象征性创业具体细分为传染型、策略型和表演型3类，可分别采用社会比较理论、信息不对称理论和印象管理理论加以解释；③3类象征性创业形成机理存在显著差异。其中，传染型创业是由同群创业唤醒负面情绪而引发的模仿行为，其主要目的是修复心理落差，策略型创业是利用信息优势进行政策“套利”的一种手段，表演型创业则是为缓解社会规范压力而开展的印象管理行为。研究结论为深化创业动机研究和理解创业行为差异提供了参考依据。     

TMT conflict,organizational structure,and entrepreneurial orientation: An attention-based view

Drawing on the attention-based view, this study investigates the linkage of top management team (TMT) conflict to entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and the moderating effect of organizational structure in terms of formalization and centralization on the linkage. It finds that TMT cognitive conflict is positively related to EO, while affective conflict is negatively related to it. Furthermore, formalization positively moderates the linkage of TMT cognitive conflict to EO, while negatively moderates the negative linkage of TMT affective conflict to EO. Moreover, centralization does not significantly moderate the linkage of either TMT cognitive or affective conflict to EO. This study enriches our knowledge of the antecedents of EO, improves our understanding of the value of TMT conflict by distinguishing between TMT cognitive conflict and affective conflict, and introduces a novel insight—the attention-based view—to elaborate the TMT conflict-EO linkage.     

2022年第7期创业失败、再创业决策与再创业绩效

基于2010-2018年中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据，文章实证研究了创业失败对再创业活动的影响。研究结果表明：相较于未曾创业失败的家庭，有过创业失败经历的家庭进行创业的概率高于前者4.09%，创业绩效高出前者4.83%，并且创业失败家庭再次创业时会投入更多资产与家庭劳动力。使用每年度排除样本自身后的区县级创业失败率作为工具变量，克服潜在的内生性问题后，上述结论依然成立。异质性分析发现，创业失败对再创业活动的影响在农村家庭中更为明显，并且这种影响仅在东北地区不显著。此外，文章从失败学习、社会资本、人力资本与个人努力四个角度考察了创业失败影响再创业绩效的可能机制。在当前创业失败率较高的背景下，文章结论有助于厘清创业失败与再创业活动间的关系，为进一步完善失败再创业政策支持体系、优化创业资源配置提供经验依据。