促进就业根本在于转变经济增长方式

20世纪80年代以来中国经济的高速增长与巨大的失业压力同时并存,中国的经济高增长没有带来高就业,研究中国经济高速增长过程中的劳动就业问题,对实现中国经济可持续发展、促进社会充分就业和丰富经济增长与劳动就业理论都有重大的理论和现实意义。     

华洋义赈会的农村赈灾思想及其实践

华洋义赈会成立于1920年赈济华北五省大灾荒之后,从实践中提出并实施了“建设救灾”、“防灾救灾”等颇有特色的指导思想与原则,发展、完善了一套赈灾运作机制,并在农村灾区实施了一系列赈务活动,对当时的中国社会产生了积极影响。     

Achieving High Quality, Comparable Financial Reporting: A Review of Independent Enforcement Bodies in Australia and the United Kingdom

This article provides a review of the activities of two quite different types of national enforcement body, the U.K.'s Financial Reporting Review Panel (FRRP) and the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC). We present material (some not available elsewhere) about their activities over the period 1998–2004 and show that both types of body can fulfil an enforcement role, albeit subject to political forces. We also assess the relevance of the bodies' past activities for comparable international enforcement following the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in 2005. A review of cases reveals that for both bodies approximately half were related to recognition and measurement issues, where interpretation can be crucial. Although there is potential for cross-country differences to arise, they may be mitigated by the participation of both bodies in international enforcement coordination activities. Past activities suggest that the scope of the bodies' activities and the extent of comparability of enforcement decisions are likely to reflect political views held within the government, corporate sector and accounting profession.     

诉讼效率的经济学分析

诉讼效率应当使全部的诉讼资源在司法机关之间和诉讼参与人之间得到均衡分配。诉讼效率的物质表现是诉讼资源的配置状况。高昂的诉讼机会成本经常使人们不选择诉讼而选择其他手段;诉讼效率成本是诉讼效率物质体现的种种消费,其收益是定纷止争的结果及定纷止争本身对整个社会秩序带来的效益。探求诉讼效率最佳状态可以转化为解决诉讼边际成本与边际收益如何处在相等点上的问题。     

Training Employees for African Statistical Offices

A review of the organizational set-up of a national statistical office, its staffing levels and subjects covered has been described. Two groups of employees of a statistical office are considered with respect to the teaching of statistics, namely those already in employment and those expected to be employed by a statistical office. The Statistical Training Programme for Africa (STPA), under which the present study was undertaken, improvement and strengthening of statistical training programmes for employees or expected employees of a statistical office, are described including selected aspects of the programme. Teaching programmes for those currently in employment with the objective of improving their work performance are also described. Achievements and problems of the programme are given. In conclusion a new framework for revitalisation of teaching of statistics in Africa in the 1990s is mentioned.     

Dollarization, economic growth, and employment

Dollarization brought price stability and higher economic growth to Ecuador. Nevertheless, unemployment remained stubbornly high. Two opposing forces explain this result: sustained growth led to higher labor demand but price stabilization triggered substitution effects by cheaper intermediate goods and capital.     

An exploratory study of organizational flexibility in Malaysia: a research note

This note reports on an exploratory study examining the relationships between rules on employee behaviour and on management discretion and other aspects of organizations in Malaysia. Using the data from thirty-five Malaysian organizations, the authors highlight the differences between the implications of the rules for the two groups and their relationships with company performance.     

IMPORTATION AND INNOVATION

Importation of drugs into the US may soon become legal. Since prices of drugs are lower in most other countries than they are in the US, importation would result in a decline in US drug prices. The purpose of this paper is to assess the consequences of importation for new drug development. First, the author presents a simple theoretical model of drug development which suggests that the elasticity of innovation with respect to the expected price of drugs should be at least as great as the elasticity of innovation with respect to expected market size (disease incidence). Then, the cross-sectional relationship between pharmaceutical innovation and market size among a set of diseases (different types of cancer) exhibiting substantial exogenous variation in expected market size is examined. Two different measures of pharmaceutical innovation are analysed: the number of distinct chemotherapy regimens for treating a cancer site and the number of articles published in scientific journals pertaining to drug therapy for that cancer site. Both analyses indicate that the amount of pharmaceutical innovation increases with disease incidence. The elasticity of the number of chemotherapy regimens with respect to the number of cases is 0.53. The elasticity of MEDLINE drug cites with respect to cancer incidence throughout the world is 0.60. In the long run, a 10% decline in drug prices would therefore be likely to cause at least a 5–6% decline in pharmaceutical innovation. Evidence suggests that pharmaceutical industry employment would also decline (by at least 3.5–4%) in response to an exogenous 10% decline in drug prices.     

How the object of knowledge constrains knowledge of the object. An epistemological analysis of a social research investigation

A theoretical social epistemology, arguing for a 'relationalrealism', is developed as part of the internal work of the researchprocess in a social science investigation. It is suggested thattheorising the nature of knowledge interactions is fruitfulboth in developing an epistemology of the discipline and inenhancing theoretical analysis of empirical research. The paperargues that five different aspects of object constraints emergefrom the case study: structural characteristics (the 'maze');relations of force internal to the object; boundaries betweenknowledge systems; relations of scale; and 'interference' generatedby knowledge instruments.     

解说行纪商:法理上的严格判断

行纪商乃市场交易中广泛盛行的一种极为重要的中间商,蕴涵着明显区别于狭义代理商和居间商的法律特质,具有诸多优势并发挥着独特效能。对行纪商的正确认识及准确适用,显然有赖于法理上的严格判断。