Intergenerational bargains: Negotiating our debts to the past and our obligations to the future

The question of intergenerational obligation can be framed in multiple ways. Here, we use the idea of bargains to think about how those of us in the present relate to both the past and the future. To understand this approach assumptions behind the idea of intergenerational bargains are posited, three potential ontologies for intergenerational thinking are explored, and principles that might be applied to intergenerational obligations are considered. Finally, an ethic for intergenerational obligation is proposed. The idea of intergenerational bargains reveals common frameworks among futures studies, ecological economics, and sustainability science.     

中国A股市场“小公司效应”的实证分析

本文以1995年1月至2003年12月期间在上海、深圳证券交易所交易的的全部A股股票为样本,分别以流通市值与总市值来衡量公司规模,对中国A股市场的“小公司效应”进行实证分析,研究表明:①作为规模度量的流通市值与总市值的选择对公司规模的排序没有显著影响。②最小规模公司股票组合获得显著的超额收益,且拥有最高的经风险调整后的收益(Sharpe比率),中国A股市场存在“小公司效应”。     

论居民收入分配中政府维护公正兼顾均平的分类调节

本文从廓清公平的概念入手,认为应区分规则公正的"公平"和结果相近的"均平"这两个不同对象,以消除中文语境中"公平与效率"问题的混乱;并认为,政府在居民收入分配方面的责任应当是"维护公正、兼顾均平、高端调低、低端托底";在收入再分配方面,应以对近年来收入差异形成原因的正确分析为前提,进行分类调节。     

Banking and interest rates in monetary policy analysis: A quantitative exploration

The paper reconsiders the role of money and banking in monetary policy analysis by including a banking sector and money in an optimizing model otherwise of a standard type. The model is implemented quantitatively, with a calibration based on US data. It is reasonably successful in providing an endogenous explanation for substantial steady-state differentials between the interbank policy rate and (i) the collateralized loan rate, (ii) the uncollateralized loan rate, (iii) the T-bill rate, (iv) the net marginal product of capital, and (v) a pure intertemporal rate. We find a differential of over 3% p.a. between (iii) and (iv), thereby contributing to resolution of the equity premium puzzle. Dynamic impulse response functions imply pro- or counter-cyclical movements in an external finance premium that can be of quantitative significance. In addition, they suggest that a central bank that fails to recognize the distinction between interbank and other short rates could miss its appropriate settings by as much as 4% p.a. Also, shocks to banking productivity or collateral effectiveness call for large responses in the policy rate.     

Size and investment performance: a research note

This article examines the performance of actively managed Australian equity funds and the extent to which both fund size and manager size are related to risk-adjusted returns. Larger investment managers, by definition, engage in higher trade volume. The literature documents that transaction costs and trade difficulty increase with trade size, given difficulties associated with 'large' trades and their potential market impact on security prices. Therefore, ceteris paribus , large orders are consistent with lower levels of efficiency in trade execution and higher transaction costs. While larger investment managers may experience material disadvantages relative to their smaller counterparts, the Australian literature to date has largely ignored the issues of asset size and the long run performance of investment offerings. This article, employing returns and fund size data that control for survivorship bias, documents that while large retail active equity funds earn higher risk-adjusted returns (after expenses) than small funds, the difference in mean performance is not significantly different. In the institutional sphere, the study also finds no statistically significant performance differences (net of expenses) between funds on the basis of portfolio size. These findings suggest the hypothesis that performance declines with fund size is not supported empirically.     

共同富裕视角下金融知识对家庭财富积累的影响研究

本文使用中国家庭金融调查（CHFS）两期面板数据,基于效率与公平角度,使用固定效应模型,选取社区平均金融知识水平作为工具变量,探讨了金融知识对家庭财富积累以及家庭财富差距的影响。研究发现,金融知识显著提高了中国家庭财富积累增长效率。机制分析表明,金融知识主要通过改善家庭资产配置结构和提升家庭金融信息获取能力等路径促进家庭财富积累增长。进一步分析表明,金融知识对城镇、东部发达地区以及高财富、高教育、高收入家庭财富积累增长的促进作用更大,但金融知识无法缩小家庭财富差距,不利于家庭财富公平分配。缩小家庭财富差距关键在于畅通落后地区、弱势家庭在金融知识财富累积效应上的传导机制。     

“啄序理论”的资本成本视角

西方财务理论认为,由于风险和税收的原因,债权资本成本远远低于股权资本。因此,在其他因素一定的情况下,企业筹资应优先考虑债权资本。但实践中却存在着“悖论”现象:基于实证研究的“啄序理论”,留存收益排在债权筹资顺序之前。而这种“悖论”现象完全可以从资本成本的角度得到合理的阐释,是企业理财实践中的理性选择。     

股票市场流动性溢价的实证研究

资产流动性的高低是否影响资产的价格一直是资本市场理论研究的热点问题，也是投资者决策的重要理论依据之一。本文根据股票市场流动性溢价原理，选取换手率与Amivest流动比率作为股票流动性的衡量指标，采用LR两阶段截面回归方法与似无关回归（SUR）估计法，对上海股票市场的股票流动性与预期收益率的关系进行了实证研究。结果表明，上海股票市场存在显著的流动性溢价，换手率低或Amivest流动比率低，流动性较差的资产具有较高的预期收益。研究同时发现，上海股票市场具有很强的规模效应和价值效应。     

加拿大的均等化制度与中国的现实选择

加拿大正式的均等化制度始于1957年,但是本文考察的基点,并不局限于该年,而是往前摄入大历史的轮廓,以便知理念形成和制度选择的根由所在。现实的考察则旨在明了加拿大当前均等化的具体做法和措施,以及改革的要点,以期对中国的均等化实践提供某些有益的借鉴。     

Price momentum in the New Zealand stock market: a proper accounting for transactions costs and risk*

We test for recently reported momentum profits in New Zealand using a practitioner technique that we have not yet seen in the academic literature. This technique simultaneously weighs returns, risk and transactions costs at each portfolio rebalance, rather than blindly chasing returns and then accounting for risk and transactions costs after the fact. We reverse the findings of the earlier literature because our gross profits are more than fully consumed once transactions costs are properly accounted for. Although we focus on momentum trading in New Zealand, our practitioner technique is broadly applicable to investigations of trading anomalies.