和谐社会构建与现代市场体系完善

本文从现代经济学的角度,探讨了构建和谐社会与建立现代市场经济体制两者的内在一致性问题。文章首先讨论了对和谐社会目标如何理解,并结合和谐社会的特征与内涵讨论了其与效率、公平和法治的关系。随后通过将现代经济学中的一些深刻思想和理论结果,与中国改革的实践相结合,论证了和谐社会构建与现代市场体系的相容性。本文的基本结论是,构建和谐社会的过程应是一个以市场化改革为取向的制度变迁或体制创新的过程。由此本文给出了相应的政策性建议,并讨论了经济学家在构建和谐社会中应尽的责任。     

论CPI对我国产险保费增长的影响

当前我国经济回升的基础进一步巩固,保险业发展好于预期,但矛盾和风险仍不可忽视,持续上升的通胀预期可能给保险行业发展带来较多不利影响,值得关注。文章选取CPI和产险保费收入增长为变量,通过对两协整变量的Granger因果检验,得出CPI的变动引起产险保费收入增长的变动,同时产险保费增长的变动亦会影响CPI的变动;进而进行脉冲响应分析,从供求关系角度解释脉冲响应结果,结果表明短期波动影响较大,长期则影响较小。因而,审视宏观经济形势,加强成本控制,积极开拓海外市场,进行产品创新就显得尤为重要。     

地方政府财政政策与企业股权融资:理论与实证

论文通过建立连续时间动态讨价还价模型对地方政府与企业所有者之间的博弈关系进行了理论研究．并对双方策略选择关系进行了实证检验。理论研究的结果表明,如果博弈双方的时间偏好相同,剩余控制权（或者称之为相对讨价还价优势）的配置与博弈双方的福利水平无关：而时间偏好不相同时,剩余控制权的配置将影响双方的福利水平,这个研究结论与是否存在交易成本不必相关。通过实证研究,论文的研究结果表明：（1）地方政府追求预算外盈余的行为会导致其增加财政支出最终导致财政赤字持续增加,但这些财政赤字并没有为企业股权融资提供有效的支持;（2）地方政府的财政更愿意与企业在预算外的领域合作,而企业则更愿意与地方政府在预算内合作：（3）非国有企业较国有企业更愿意和地方政府在预算外合作,而地方政府也更愿意和非国有企业在预算外的领域合作。这些实证结果说明地方政府在时间偏好不一致的情况下拥有剩余控制权。     

信用与资本——开发性金融研究

资本是关系到当下和长远发展的重要命题,而信用是实现从财富到资本转化的关键要素。本文从四个维度考察信用与资本的关系。一是关于信用的产生和演进,指出了信用产生的两个必要条件,并从社会财富三个阶段来审视信用和资本相互作用的演进过程。二是信用的性质和功能。讨论了信用的基本性质,以及规范商品和资本交易、促进资本形成以及信用的金融功能等基础性功能,并进一步讨论了信用的证券化功能以及金融市场建设功能。三是当前信用体系面对的新挑战和新问题。首先提出了美元外汇储备在一定意义上是美元信用对中国储蓄的证券化,是全球信用美元化的组成,在资本匮乏阶段是必要选择,而当下需要对财富和资本寻找新的载体,需要考虑和实现减少对美元的依赖。其次,从深化对国家信用的运用角度对解决问题的路径进行了思考,初步提出了通过发行以国家信用为基础的股权证券化工具,解决长期资本不足问题,应对当前挑战的设想。四是在回顾和总结部分,本文指出,信用的形态会随着资本发展而不断演进,从个人到企业、国家再到国际,从债务信用升级为命运信用即股权信用,乃至尚未出现的国际股权信用,是未来信用发展的方向。     

外资参股中国上市公司的动机与模式分析

基于当前我国外资参股中国上市公司的发展历程与现状,本文分析了外资参股中国上市公司的动机和模式,指出外资参股的根本原因在于资本的逐利性,外资参股的动机主要有经营性动机、战略性动机和投机性动机;外资参股我国上市公司的模式有直接参股模式和间接参股模式。在此基础上,本文从宏观和微观两个层面提出了加强对外资参股我国上市公司管理的政策建议。     

市场约束能够降低地方债风险溢价吗？——来自城投债市场的证据

本文从城投债风险溢价的视角,以2014年进行的地方政府债券“自发自还”试点作为一项准自然实验,采用双重差分法检验了市场约束对地方政府债务风险的影响。研究发现,“自发自还”试点产生的市场约束能显著降低城投债的风险溢价。进一步的检验表明,地方政府的财政不透明和财政不平衡会抑制市场约束效应,具体表现为“自发自还”试点降低城投债风险溢价的效果在财政透明度高和财政较平衡的地区更显著,而在财政透明度低和财政不平衡的地区则不显著。本文的启示是:目前财政体制改革滞后于政府融资机制的改革,阻碍了政府债务市场化治理的进程。因此,加快财政体制改革是建立地方政府债务治理长效机制的关键。     

中国上市公司资本结构影响因素研究

将资本结构与股权相结合,将股权结构、股权集中度、股票种类因子(A、B、H股)纳入资本结构影响因素.利用OLS回归进行分析,引入权益因子后的研究发现:中国的上市公司存在着股权融资偏好,而国家股比重越高的上市公司受到的外潦融资约束越大;资产负债率与B、H股比率负相关.     

When bad news is good news: Geopolitical risk and the cross-section of emerging market stock returns

Using a news-based gauge of geopolitical risk, we study its role in asset pricing in global emerging markets. We find that changes in risk positively predict future stock returns. The countries with the highest increase in geopolitical uncertainty outperform their counterparts with the lowest change by up to 1% per month. The anomaly is not explained by other established asset pricing effects and remains robust to many considerations. We link the observed phenomenon with investor overreaction to geopolitical news driven by the availability bias.     

Covid-19, corporate survival and public policy: The role of accounting information and regulation in the wake of a systemic crisis

The economic crisis triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic prompted governments to issue several relief mechanisms to hold up companies and workers. This study analyzes how accounting information and regulation can support policymakers in the wake of a systemic crisis. Based on an accounting-based framework and readily available data from financial statements, it forecasts the impact of the crisis in terms of losses, equity depletion, and corporate defaults, absent government intervention. Next, it quantifies the costs and effects of five relief mechanisms in alleviating the risk of generalized corporate bankruptcies. The effects of the health pandemic and relief mechanisms on profitability and equity shortfalls are estimated for a sample of 586,076 privately held Italian firms. The findings indicate that the number of companies facing bankruptcy risk would increase from 65,463 (11% of the population) in 2019 to 153,681 (26%) in 2020, absent any government intervention. Altogether, these firms employ 1.4 million employees and have a total exposure to the financial industry equal to €68 billion in loans. Next, we assess the effects of relief mechanisms introduced by the Italian government to support corporations, whose aggregate costs reach €49.33 billion in 2020, and find that the interventions ‘rescue’ about 43,000 firms otherwise in default. Finally, the study adds to the debate on the role of accounting regulation in the wake of a systemic crisis by (a) discussing the effects of temporary changes to accounting rules on the informativeness and transparency of financial statements, and (b) suggesting alternative ways to modify accounting rules to safeguard corporate survival without compromising the informativeness of financial statements once the crisis reaches a halt.     

Predicting equity premium out-of-sample by conditioning on newspaper-based uncertainty measures: A comparative study

In finance, the use of newspaper-based uncertainty measures has grown exponentially in recent years. For instance, a growing number of researchers have used the newspaper-based U.S. economic policy uncertainty (EPU) index suggested in Baker et al. (2016) as a predictor in their model to forecast the variable of interest out-of-sample. Likewise, inspired by the approach suggested in Baker et al. (2016), several other newspaper-based uncertainty measures have been introduced, such as indices measuring geopolitical risk (GPR) and monetary policy uncertainty (MPU). This study evaluates the relative out-of-sample predictive power afforded by more than fifty different newspaper-based uncertainty measures with regards to predicting excess returns on the S&P 500 index one-month ahead using data from 1985$m$1 through 2020$m$12. Our predictive model accounts for salient data features, namely, predictor endogeneity and persistence. Furthermore, we evaluate the evidence of conditional as well unconditional predictive ability as outlined in Giacomini and White (2006), and also explore whether any identified level of gains from a statistical viewpoint lead to gains from an economic viewpoint. We find that newspaper-based uncertainty measures linked with certain components of the equity market volatility (EMV) tracker suggested in Baker et al. (2019) help improve the accuracy of one month ahead point predictions relative to the benchmark the most. In contrast, EPU, GPR and MPU indices, which are more frequently used by researchers are much less successful.