Exiting supranational unions and the corresponding impact on tourism: Some insights from a rejoinder to Brexit

The consequences of countries withdrawing from supranational unions have received growing attention. Most recently, the majority of British citizens have voted to exit the European Union (Brexit), which has resulted in the mushrooming of reports on its potential impact in myriad respects. This paper uses Brexit as a case study to examine the impact of exiting a supranational union on the tourism industry. In particular, this paper consolidates the plethora of views on the impact of Brexit on tourism and uses the findings to propose a model that explains the consequences of exiting a supranational union for tourism from the national, regional, and global travellers’ perspective.     

从数学建模竞赛活动中探索学生素质的培养

从数学建模的概念和数学建模竞赛活动出发,针对数学建模竞赛活动的开展,积极探索高职高专学生素质培养的有效途径。     

Save the Children: The Protection of Minors in the Information Society and the Audiovisual Media Services Directive

The protection of underage viewers against programmes harmful to their development has been a long-standing concern in national broadcasting systems and was recognized by the Television Without Frontiers (TWF) Directive as a fundamental issue in European audiovisual regulation. Policy discussions accompanying the most recent reform of the Directive confirmed the need to ensure adequate protection also in the context of on-demand services, while disagreeing over the method by which this should achieved. This article outlines the evolving regulatory regime for the protection of minors against unsuitable programming and presents the legislative proposals drafted by the institutions in the course of the ongoing reform process. The analysis demonstrates that while the concern for protecting minors perseveres in the face of the new Directive’s response to audiovisual convergence, the envisaged rules for on-demand services lead to a noticeable differentiation of the basic regulatory tier, and a concomitant concern for the effectiveness of protection.

The structure of income mobility: empirical evidence from five UE countries

In this paper we use the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) to assess differences in the level and structure of income mobility in a selected sample of European countries. We adopt recent theoretical proposals for the decomposition of axiomatic and welfare measurements of mobility in exchange, structural and growth components. Decomposition exercises which take into account some type of division of the population and income sources are also performed. We find that cross-country income mobility comparisons largely depend on the type of indices used. The relative positions of the countries considered change when the analysis is based on ethical instead of objective measures of income mobility. Results also show that in most countries income growth has a very limited effect upon aggregate mobility, being the most important determinant the rerankings of individuals, with a little weight for inequality changes. Although some common results exist concerning the delimitation of groups experiencing the greatest income fluctuations, such as individuals belonging to single-parent households or young household heads, the intensity of these results varies greatly across countries. The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology (grant SEJ2004-07373-c03-03) and the Instituto de Estudios Fiscales. We would also like to acknowledge the help given by the European Centre for Analysis in Social Sciences of the University of Essex.     

Cost-effective design of agri-environmental payment programs: U.S. experience in theory and practice

Key features of U.S. agri-environmental programs are reviewed and analyzed using literature review and program data. We focus, in particular, on several key questions: Has benefit-cost targeting increased the environmental benefit obtained from program budgets? Has competitive bidding reduced program costs? To what extent have these program designs resulted in additional gain (that would not have otherwise been obtained)? Previous research illustrates how benefit-cost targeting using environmental indices (such as the Environmental Benefits Index in the Conservation Reserve Program) can increase environmental cost-effectiveness. Previous research and data from two U.S. programs suggests that bidding has reduced costs, but that the full potential of bidding may not have been realized. Finally, most U.S. programs are intended to yield environmental gains that would not have otherwise been obtained, but sometimes fall short of this goal.     

A note on welfare-improving ignorance about quality

Consider a monopolist that is selling a high quality product when the quality is unknown to a fraction of the consumers. If the quality cannot be signaled and the fraction is sufficiently large, then the monopolist will offer a low price to induce uninformed consumers to buy. If the fraction is sufficiently small, then uninformed consumers are irrelevant to its optimal price. If the uninformed consumers are priced out of the market as a result, then welfare can decrease. I am very grateful for the comments of two anonymous referees that have significantly improved this paper.     

全面质量营销:理论回顾与展望

由于营销与质量管理工作长期脱节,致使质量管理中"营销缺位",在质量标准的制定和运作中忽视了对顾客价值的研究和全面质量系统的建立。20世纪90年代以后,国内外营销学者开始关注质量问题,提出了全面质量营销的概念,并对营销在质量管理中的作用、营销与质量的结合、全面质量营销的定义和实施方法等问题进行了研究。展望未来,全面质量营销的内涵和测量研究、前置因素的探索、导向的研究、全面质量营销与企业绩效的关系研究、顾客价值主导的全面质量营销系统的构建等问题,将成为全面质量营销理论和应用研究中的新课题。     

审计质量保障的权利配置研究视角

现行审计质量问题是审计委托权配置失范的外部性表现.提高审计质量的有效措施是对现行会计流程控制权配置范式进行变迁,改变目前企业管理当局集会计政策选择权、会计人员聘任权及审计委托权于一身的状况,使会计信息供应脱离管理当局的直接控制而由财务报告委员会及其所属的独立会计机构全程负责,此时高质量审计服务成为信息生产者、信息使用者、企业管理当局及注册会计师的共同需求,审计质量有了保障.     

Poverty risk of the unemployed in six European countries: why is it higher in some countries than in others?

In all European countries unemployed persons face a high risk of relative poverty, but poverty rates vary greatly among EU countries. We analyse to what extent these differences could be explained by a different composition of the unemployed or by differences in the national income distribution functions. Our results indicate that the effects of individual characteristics on the poverty risk are roughly comparable between countries, but the composition of the unemployed is very different, which explains on average half of the cross-country differences in poverty rates.     

统计数据质量评估方法在海洋经济领域引入研究

本文基于国内外统计数据质量评估研究背景,针对我国海洋经济统计数据质量评估现状与需求,分析了逻辑规则检验、计量模型分析、统计分布验证、核算数据重估、调查偏差评估、多维评估法等主要质量评估方法的概念特征及在海洋经济数据质量控制领域的适用性。为了适应大数据时代的发展需求,今后我国海洋经济统计数据质量的内涵需不断扩充,技术方法需与信息技术有效融合,同时,应积极应对统计改革背景下新技术挑战。