Where a contract is signed determines its value: Chinese provincial variation in utilized vs. contracted FDI flows

There are major differences between ex ante corporate investment plans and ex post investments. The case of China is useful for understanding this problem because there is substantial time series and cross sectional variation in the ratio of utilized to contracted FDI (UC ratio), which is less than one in most province-year observations. Provinces may believe that they are rewarded for reporting higher levels of contracted FDI, which would lead to lower UC ratios and higher policy incentives in subsequent years. Alternatively, provinces may be rewarded for reporting data more accurately, which would lead to higher UC ratios and policy incentives in subsequent years. Empirical analysis supports the second, institutional theory and suggests that provinces may increase their rate of utilizing pledged FDI by strengthening their legal systems and reducing government bureaucracy.     

内外经济视角破解中国出口贸易发展痼疾——“中美对话”和“平稳转型”探讨

在中国出口贸易发展受到外部环境冲击情况下,国内外学者对出口贸易规模是否能够稳步增长不断提出质疑。在此叙事背景下,通过对出口贸易的发展历程及结构失衡深入剖析,发现内部结构性矛盾才是真正威胁出口贸易持续发展的根源所在,外部需求冲击影响微弱。中美贸易差额的比较研究显示,美国对中国贸易逆差并非特例,消除贸易争端的经济手段则是顺差规模的缩小;中国探寻多元化出口贸易实践是解除贸易商品、国别结构失衡的内在要求,也是长久之计。基于中国内外经济发展运行的特殊性,对外贸易发展研究需要超越开放宏观经济学的理论认识局限。要实现出口贸易稳步发展须兼顾区域平衡目标,解除结构性枷锁。消除出口贸易的区域失衡发展困境是解决对外经济发展问题的根本之所在,制定贸易政策必须以＂省区＂这一基本层面为依据。     

FDI技术溢出对我国创新能力影响的分析

随着经济全球化的发展,国家间的经济竞争日益激烈,自主创新能力越来越被认定为一国竞争力的主要标志。文章利用1991-2012年中国技术创新方面的数据,建立计量模型,研究了FDI对我国创新能力的影响。结果表明,我国自主RD投入是提高创新能力的最重要因素,而外商直接投资在整体上对我国研发和创新能力无非常明显的溢出效应。我国必须努力促进FDI的技术溢出效应,同时注重培育内资企业的自主创新能力。     

宽松的环境政策能吸引更多的外商直接投资吗——基于中国工业省级面板数据的分析

利用我国1997~2009年的工业省级面板数据和动态面板GMM估计方法,考察了相对宽松的环境政策是否是吸引FDI的主要原因。研究发现,环境政策较宽松的地区能够吸引更多的外资流入,但这种影响并不大,所以,以降低环境标准、牺牲环境为代价来吸引FDI不是明智之举;与东、中部地区相比,西部在吸引FDI上处于明显劣势,这在一定程度上加剧了我国经济结构的失衡。     

中国外贸增长中的人民币汇率因素分析及建议

人民币汇率因素是推动我国外贸持续增长所要面对的首要问题,在其背后牵涉的是弱势美元、通货膨胀以及企业竞争等错综复杂的关系。只有正确认识和处理所牵涉的这些变量,我们才能从根本上保证我国外贸增长的可持续性。     

国际投资保护主义的历史演进、特点及应对策略研究

近年来,中国跨国公司的全球化进程不断加快,海外并购和绿地新建的规模和速度不断提升,但与此同时,并购受阻、整合失败的案例不绝于耳,中国企业在走出去的过程中遇到很多障碍和壁垒,受到很多歧视。为此,回顾了二战后国际投资保护主义的演进历史,并对其特点进行分析梳理,总结归纳出应对国际投资保护主义的对策建议。     

Reverse imports, foreign direct investment and exchange rates

This paper investigates linkages among “reverse imports”, foreign direct investment and exchange rates. As an example, we have in mind the competition in the Japanese market of a Japanese multinational firm and a Chinese domestic firm. Products are differentiated based on Japanese consumers’ brand name recognition. The model shows that yen appreciation leads to an increase in Japanese production in China and “reverse imports” and a decrease in Japanese domestic production. Due to the barriers in brand name, the exports of the Chinese firm could fall, because the increase of reverse imports may erode the market share of the Chinese firm, even though total exports from China increase. Further, we find that yen appreciation may improve the profits of the Japanese firm and welfare in Japan under reverse imports, against conventional wisdom. The predictions of the model fit well with the actual numbers and shed light on the current debate on the Chinese currency.     

Cross-border mergers and strategic alliances

This paper develops a model with distribution costs to study firm cooperation in forming strategic alliances and mergers, under different types of foreign market entry modes, that is, export or foreign direct investment (FDI). Under both export and FDI, we find that cross-border alliances (mergers) dominate domestic alliances (mergers); and cross-border alliances and mergers are preferred to independence if and only if distribution cost is high. Under export, cross-border alliances are chosen in equilibrium if distribution cost is high. Under FDI and with high distribution cost, cross-border alliances (mergers) are chosen in equilibrium if plant setup cost is low (high).     

外商直接投资与货币政策对中国出口的影响

利用2005年1月至2010年12月的数据,比较货币政策与资本流入两种因素对中国出口贸易的影响。实证结果表明,中国出口额与利率、汇率、信贷量、FDI存在长期协整关系,信贷量每增加1%,出口额增加0.84%。但FDI对出口贸易的长短期影响不一致。而且经检验发现,利率变动和汇率变动并不是出口变动的Granger原因。所以,中国应完善基础设施建设,缩短FDI发挥创造效应的时间,并综合利用信贷政策、利率政策、汇率政策等多种政策来调整贸易收支。     

外商直接投资对中国劳动力技能升级的作用机制

外商在华直接投资（FDI）对中国经济发展的积极作用之一是促进中国劳动力技能升级。本文揭示了FDI通过各种途径促进劳动力技能升级的作用机制。FDI流向有很强的区域集中性，同时也揭示了FDI区域集中对劳动力技能升级的影响。