State dependence in access to credit

This paper investigates whether firms’ access to credit is characterized by state dependence. We introduce a first-order Markov model of credit restriction with sample selection that makes it possible to identify state dependence in presence of unobserved heterogeneity. The results, based on a representative sample of Italian firms, show that state dependence in access to credit is a statistically and economically significant phenomenon and that this is more prominent among medium-large firms.     

Seasonality patterns in dry bulk shipping spot and time charter freight rates

This paper investigates the nature of seasonality (deterministic and/or stochastic) in dry bulk freight rates, and measures and compares it across freight rates of different vessel sizes (Capesize, Panamax and Handysize), contract duration (spot, 1-year and 3-year time charters) and market conditions (peaks and troughs). Although, there is no evidence of stochastic seasonality, deterministic seasonality in freight rates is found to be varying from −18.2% to 15.3% in individual months within a year. Spot rates for larger vessels exhibit higher seasonal fluctuations compared to smaller vessels, although differences in seasonal fluctuations between sectors are eliminated as the contract duration increases. Also, for each vessel size, the seasonality declines as the contract duration rises. Asymmetries in seasonal fluctuations in freight rates over different market conditions are attributed to the high and low elasticities of supply expected under the respective market conditions. The results have implications for tactical shipping operations such as timing of dry-docking, chartering strategies and switching between freight markets.     

木糖二级生化废水絮凝机理及条件的研究

文章通过选取几种不同的絮凝剂进行研究,来选出对木糖废水处理效果最佳的絮凝剂及其最佳絮凝条件、最佳去除率。从硫酸铝、三氯化铝、PAC、硫酸铁、硫酸亚铁、三氯化铁中选出PAC和Al2(SO4)3,然后针对这两种絮凝剂,研究确定其最佳絮凝条件及最大去除率。PAC的最佳实验条件为:投加量为1.6 g/L,pH=6,快速搅拌时间为30 s,沉降时间为30 min;Al2(SO4)3的最佳实验条件为:投加量为1 g/L,原水pH=6,快速搅拌时间为90 s,沉降时间为30 min。絮凝效果为:COD去除率分别为82.3%和75.38%,色度去除率都达到了90%以上。     

我国船舶产业安全状况及问题研究

船舶产业安全是关系到国家经济安全的重要组成部分。本文通过产业竞争力、产业控制力、产业成长性等产业安全评价要素指标对我国船舶产业安全总体状况进行了比较研究,从竞争优势、研发投入、能源消耗等几方面提出了我国船舶产业安全存在的主要问题,并对船舶产业安全未来发展状况进行了预测,最后给出了维护当前我国船舶产业安全的对策建议。     

“十一五”我国农产品质量安全发展的条件和趋势分析

文章在总结农产品质量安全发展的新形势的基础上,探讨了WTO对我国农产品质量安全的影响及提高我国农产品国际竞争力的途径,同时对“十一五”安全农产品市场发展的前景与趋势进行了系统的分析,为农产品质量安全的发展指明了方向。     

中日现代化启动成败探源

日本通过明治维新实现了向现代化国家的转变 ,成为东亚一流强国 ;而中国 ,作为现代化起点的自强运动 (即开始于 186 0年的洋务运动 )终遭失败 ,成为日本的“国强兵”方略中海外扩张的主要侵略对象。本文正是从驱动与抑制 ,诱发与阻碍等内外因素互动作用的“合力”之中 ,探讨中日现代化启动成败这一复杂的问题。     

Value and liquidity under changing market conditions

Papers studying the liquidity of a market tend to focus on decisions involving the trade-off between the selling price and the time-till-sale for a given set of market conditions. This paper characterizes market conditions using a price-probability locus; a change in market conditions is some combination of changes in the level and/or slope of this locus. I show how the effect of either type of change on price and on the probability-of-sale can be decomposed into those commonly associated with an increase in the value and those which involve a substitution between price and probability. Two adding-up conditions restrict the set of possible predictions. Though the discussion focusses on real estate market, where scarcity is rationed by a mechanism which combines search and bargaining, the same ideas apply to markets with other types of selling mechanisms.     

Improving survey research using diagrams of data structure

Using diagrams of data structure, or conceptual models, is important in businesses. Survey research often has if-then data structure, but discussion of diagramming survey data structure is rare. This study uses the U.S. Fishing, Hunting and Wildlife-Associated Recreation (FHWAR) survey data and a Taiwan survey in the analysis of benefits of using data structure diagrams in survey research. Examples of data structure diagram use show how diagramming can support consistent and logical data collection, as well as improved data storage and analysis. Analysis also shows how storing if-then (conditional) data in entities/tables allows simple and intuitively meaningful unconditional variable names and can facilitate consideration of conditions that should/can affect analysis. A general conclusion is that the time has come for tourism and business survey researchers to benefit from using diagrams of data structure in planning data accumulation and to benefit from using modern systems in data collection, storage and analysis.     

土地管理视角下的法定地役权研究

研究目的:证明法定地役权独立存在的必要性,并对其设定条件和适用范围进行研究。研究方法:采用文献研究、比较研究和理论联系实际的方法,对法定地役权存在的基础、基本功能、存在形态及其与相邻权的关系进行了研究。研究结果:(1)法定地役权的存在有其客观必要性,难以用相邻权代替之;(2)用相邻权制度调整土地利用中的地役关系,具有较大的局限性;(3)用法定地役权制度调整地役关系,更符合土地利用实践发展的客观要求。研究结论:法定地役权应成为我国地役权制度的重要内容,建议进一步完善中国的地役权制度。     

每个人全面自由发展：必然性、价值追求、现实进程和实现条件

马克思的未来共产主义社会是“以每个人的全面而自由的发展为基本原则的社会形式”的重要论断,已被国内外学术界广泛认同,但对这一思想的深刻内涵的理解和掌握,实际上并未取得共识。针对一些人的不同看法,文章从世界观的角度阐述了马克思主义的每个人全面自由发展理论,着重论证了每个人全面自由发展的必然性、价值追求、我国的现实进程和实现条件。