路径依赖对财政政策变迁的规范作用

财政政策作为一种政府主导的制度安排,其变迁的方向不是随机的,而是存在着路径依赖。当财政政策变迁存在着报酬递增和自我强化机制时,路径依赖就会对其产生规范作用。在一定程度上,财政政策的恰当性会进一步加强路径依赖的这种规范性作用。研究路径依赖对财政政策变迁的规范作用,对于推动我国财政政策的良性循环与变迁具有重要意义。     

Analysing job creation effects of scaling up infrastructure spending in South Africa

In a first for South Africa, this article draws on literature on infrastructure productivity to model dynamic economy-wide employment impacts of infrastructure investment funded with different fiscal tools. Using a dynamic computable general equilibrium model, the South African investment plan is modelled, given the infrastructure externality. Alternative fiscal scenarios to finance the policy are modelled in the article. In the long run, unemployment decreases for all types of workers under one of the scenarios. In the short run, only elementary occupation workers benefit from a decrease in unemployment; for the rest, unemployment rises.     

实践《小企业会计制度》的问题与对策

《小企业会计制度》的实施是我国会计界的大事,企业实践该制度过程中,有许多实际问题值得研究和探讨。     

促进珠三角地区产业省内转移的政策建议

珠三角地区的产业转移势在必行,财政作为宏观调控的重要手段,在珠三角的产业转移中发挥着重要的作用。因此,应该结合当地的实际,制定合理的财政政策、产业政策,以促进珠三角地区的产业转移顺利进行。     

Fiscal decentralization, revenue and expenditure assignments, and growth in China

Theory suggests that a close match between revenue and expenditure assignments at sub-national levels benefits allocative efficiency, and hence economic growth. That is, a convergence of revenue and expenditure assignments at sub-national levels of government should, according to the theory, be positively associated with a higher growth rate. In the case of China, this paper shows, divergence, rather than convergence, in revenue and expenditures at the sub-national level of government is associated with higher rates of growth. A panel dataset for 30 provinces in China is used to examine the relationship between fiscal decentralization and economic growth over two phases of fiscal decentralization in China: (1) 1979–1993 under the fiscal contract system, and (2) 1994–1999 under the tax assignment system. The seeming contradiction between the theory and evidence in the China case is reconciled by taking into account the institutional arrangements that prevailed during the two phases of fiscal decentralization, in particular the inconsistency between the assumptions of the theory of fiscal decentralization and the institutional reality of China.     

垂直财政不对称与收入不平等——基于转移支付依赖的门槛效应分析

收入分配不平等是现阶段我国社会的主要矛盾之一。本文实证考察了分税制改革以来政府间纵向财政分配体制对居民收入差距的影响。结果显示,垂直财政不对称提高总体上未起到缩小居民收入分配差距的作用。转移支付依赖度较低时,垂直财政不对称提高有助于降低居民收入不平等;而转移支付依赖度超过某个阈值时,垂直财政不对称提高反而加剧居民收入分配不均衡。在一般性转移支付的门槛效应中,垂直财政不对称提高会降低收入不平等;在专项转移支付的门槛效应中,垂直财政不对称对收入不平等的影响呈现“U型”关系。这意味着政府间财政分配关系改革应合理控制转移支付规模,进一步提高一般性转移支付的比重。