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101.
This paper aims at explaining why the CFA countries have successfully maintained a currency union for several decades, despite failing to meet many of optimum currency area criteria. We suggest that the CFA zone, while not optimal, has been at least sustainable. We test this sustainability hypothesis by relying on the Behavioral Equilibrium Exchange Rate (BEER) approach. In particular, we assess and compare the convergence process of real exchange rates towards equilibrium for the CFA zone countries and a sample of other sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Our findings evidence that internal and external balances have been fostered and adjustments facilitated in the CFA zone as a whole—compared to other SSA countries—as well as in each of its member countries. 相似文献
102.
中国企业海外投资态势与布局差异性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
陈衍泰 《技术经济与管理研究》2011,(6):66-69
随着中国经济的高速增长,中国的企业在加速了国际化过程。本研究以中国企业在全球对外投资的宏观数据和中国国际贸易促进委员会针对1104家企业有效问卷进行分析,探讨中国企业海外的发展情况、布局特征及其差异性影响因素。中国企业海外投资数量和规模在近几年快速成长、目的地和投资产业出现多元化的特征。但是中国企业在海外投资不同的行业和区域存在着一定的差异性。总体而言,长三角地区的企业对外投资规模比较均衡,但侧重于制造业为主;京津唐地区的企业海外投资侧重金融等服务业,单笔投资规模比较大。信息通信技术、建筑、纺织和机械行业的企业对外投资相对程度较高;各行业投资以东南亚居多;机械、信息技术和生物制药行业企业以获取海外知识为主,其它行业以获取海外市场、资源为主。最后提出促进中国企业海外投资的政策建议。 相似文献
103.
国际直接投资地域结构的时空差异性对忽视东道国因素的传统国际投资理论提出了挑战。文章研究了东道国因素对国际生产资本地域运动的影响,提出了国际直接投资是东道国因素与投资主体三优势综合作用的结果,东道国环境、体制、政策系统的状态特征决定了东道国外资特征等观点,并实证研究了中国改革开放进程与外商对华投资规模和结构的内在互动性。 相似文献
104.
中国银行业的外国直接投资:意义及挑战 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
上世纪90年代,全世界新兴市场国家的银行业出现了外国直接投资迅速增加的现象,这些外国直接投资相应给这些国家的银行体系带来了深远的影响。作为世界银行业全球化发展的组成部分,从2003年开始,中国银行业证明了一个史无前例的新现象—大量的FDI涌入中国银行业,购买股份抢占中国银行业市场。本文试图描述银行FDI在中国的现状,并探索背后的主要原因,包括监管规则的改变、经济的稳健增长、银行业的发展和持续的非金融FDI。银行在公司治理、风险管理、内部控制和人力资源管理等方面出现初步但富有帮助的变化。整个银行体系也发生了变化,包括行业形象得到改善、信用文化得到培养、透明度得到加强、创新得到发展、效率得到提高。然而,对于整个银行体系和经济的有意义的影响目前还没有出现。尽管通过吸引国外有经验的合格战略投资者引进了国际先进的管理惯例,对于中国的银行来说,仍然需要很长时间来全面改革自己的信贷文化和不清晰透明的行为。而且,随着中国的全面开放,前面将会有很多艰巨的挑战,因此,作为一个新兴经济体,一定要有远大视野,全面理解银行业中FDI的长期重要角色,创造外国战略合作伙伴发挥其积极作用的必要条件,督促其提供服务的步骤,以及中国银行系统在全球银行价值链中的正确地位。 相似文献
105.
Guerino Ardizzi Carmelo Petraglia Massimiliano Piacenza Gilberto Turati 《Review of Income and Wealth》2014,60(4):747-772
We contribute to the debate on how to assess the size of the underground (or shadow) economy by proposing a reinterpretation of the traditional Currency Demand Approach (CDA) à la Tanzi. In particular, we introduce three main innovations. First, we take a direct measure of the value of cash transactions—the flow of cash withdrawn from bank accounts relative to total non‐cash payments—as the dependent variable in the money demand equation. This allows us to avoid unrealistic assumptions on the velocity of money and the absence of any irregular transaction in a given year, overcoming two severe critiques to the traditional CDA. Second, in place of the tax burden level, usually intended as the main motivation for non‐compliance, we include among the covariates two direct indicators of detected tax evasion. Finally, we control also for the role of illegal production considering crimes like drug dealing and prostitution, which—jointly with the shadow economy—contributes to the larger aggregate of the non‐observed economy and represents a significant component of total cash payments. We propose then an application of this “modified CDA” to a panel of 91 Italian provinces for the years 2005–08. 相似文献
106.
Weidong Huo Guoying Deng Peng Wang 《中国经济评论(英文版)》2005,4(9):10-14
According to the theory and the standard of Optimum Currency Areas, this paper analyzes the possibility of the Asia's monetary cooperation. Based on the current study, this paper points out that East Asia does not have the condition for the monetary cooperation and the cooperation can only be conducted in a comparatively low level; furthermore, in order to achieve the monetary integration and to form the Optimum Currency Areas, it is still a long way to go for Asian countries. All the Asia countries should work hard in the political and economic area. However, the common interests will make the monetary cooperation an irreversible trend. 相似文献
107.
Tax treaties are often viewed as a mechanism for eliminating tax competition, however, this approach ignores the need for bargaining over the treaty's terms. This paper focuses on how bargaining can affect the withholding taxes set under the treaty. In a simple framework, we develop hypotheses about patterns in treaty tax rates. A key determinant for these patterns is the relative size of bilateral foreign direct investment (FDI) activity. In plausible situations, more asymmetric countries will negotiate treaties with higher tax rates. This theory is then tested using 1992 data from US and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) bilateral tax treaties. Overall, the data supports the prediction that greater asymmetric FDI activity increases the negotiated tax rates. 相似文献
108.
异质性与跨国公司的战略选择 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
新新贸易理论将公司异质性引入到国际贸易理论中,从微观层面解释了公司国际化的战略选择。但它们通常假定两国是同质的,所以公司国际化的选择仅局限于出IZl贸易和水平型直接投资。本文构建了三国模型,考察了跨国公司的三种战略选择模式。理论研究表明,生产率最高的公司选择水平型直接投资,生产率较高的公司选择出口平台直接投资,生产率较低的公司选择出口贸易,生产率最低的公司只供应国内市场。发达国家的相对工人工资水平越高、发展中国家建厂成本越小,选择出口和水平型直接投资的公司会越少,而选择出口平台的直接投资公司会越多。 相似文献
109.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is considered as an important instrument for economic development all over the world. The aim of this paper is to examine the FDI inflows determinants for 24 OECD countries. To this end we employ annual data from 1980 to 2012 for a series of potential FDI determinants that have been identified as the most important by the relevant literature. Our empirical strategy employs both the standard fixed effects panel as well as a dynamic panel approach. The empirical findings highlight the importance of market size, trade openness, unit labor cost, schooling, taxation, gross capital formation, institutional variables, and ROA/ROE as significant FDI determinants. In the case of the dynamic panel model those FDI inflows determinants are not uniform for all country groups. Additionally, the results indicate that corporate tax rates clearly affect FDI attractiveness. This finding is robust when testing different countries subgroups. The present study has important policy implications indicating the factors that host economies should place emphasis on in order to attract FDI inflows. Policy makers should not only pay attention to the corporate tax rate level but they should also design a simple, stable and transparent taxation system that minimizes the relevant business risk. 相似文献
110.
Tchai Tavor 《Australian economic papers》2023,62(2):236-256
In light of the natural gas discoveries in the Mediterranean Sea and their impact on the Israeli economy, I must assess the change in the exchange rate and its impact on the foreign exchange market. There are numerous positive social impacts resulting from the gas discoveries including optimising Israel's energy security and its move to cleaner energy. However, not all of the consequences of discovering natural resources may be positive. One possibly negative outcome could be the well-known phenomenon called the “Dutch disease” in which the discovery of a natural resource can cause a country's currency to spike. To investigate whether the strengthening of the Israeli currency in recent years is a symptom of the “Dutch disease” I used daily and intraday event study methodology to explore the changes in the real exchange rate of the Israeli shekel and the US dollar between 2008 and 2017, according to announcements related to the gas discoveries published during this period. In addition, I examined whether an increase in the real exchange rate was a result of the publication of announcements about natural gas harming the manufacturing and industrial sectors. I found that announcements related to gas discoveries did affect the real exchange rate and caused an appreciation of the Israeli shekel. Investors could analyse the announcements and achieve an abnormal return in the foreign exchange market. In addition, investors' expectations of an appreciation in the real exchange rate causes damage to various manufacturing and industrial sectors. 相似文献