Misfits and compliance patterns in the transposition and implementation of the Habitats Directive—four cases

This paper investigates the transposition and implementation of the Habitats Directive in four European member states, namely Denmark, the Netherlands, Greece, and Romania, and the role that institutional misfits have played in more or less successful implementation processes. Departing in the ‘Worlds of Compliance’ literature, it also explores if this typology can be useful for understanding the ways member states address institutional adaptation pressures in the implementation steps following the transposition phase. The requirements in the Habitats Directive expanded most member states’ nature conservation frameworks, especially in the obligation to introduce pro-active conservation, and it also laid down a number of steps to be taken for creating the European Natura 2000 network. It was found that the transposition did mostly follow general compliance types, but that these types also helped understand the extent and adequacy of adaptations and changes to the institutional framework in the implementation processes following the directive’s adoption. Implementation challenges were different for different countries. They showed a need to align institutional frameworks for a) Natura 2000 in areas with several existing types of landscape protections and ensuing spatial and institutional overlaps; b) clarifying the roles and responsibilities of various authorities involved in implementation; c) ensuring coordination with the other sectorial policy areas that interact with the Habitats Directive (such as the Nitrate Directive and the Water Framework Directive). It turned out that there could be a need for more flexible and less-top-down European legislation, providing a larger room-for-manoeuvre for integration with domestic approaches.     

金安桥水电站计算机监控系统结构及特点

随着国家节能减排战略的全面实施,水电站在电力系统中承担的责任越来越大,装机规模也越来越大。文章从现场工程实施的角度,阐述了作为金沙江中游特大型梯级水电站之一的金安桥水电站计算机监控系统的结构及特点,并分析了该监控系统设计开发的背景、原则及优势。     

新生代知识型员工离职动因分析及对策

在了解新生代知识型员工自身特点的基础上,结合中国的文化背景,对西方有较大影响力Price—Mueller（2000）模型进行了改进,分析了影响新生代知识型员工离职的变量,并提出了有针对性的措施,力图降低新生代知识型员工的离职率,为企业留住优秀人才。     

朱鎔基副总理谈办好企业问题

朱鎔基副总理谈办好企业问题第一，抑制通货膨胀是今年经济工作的首要任务。企业管理、改革工作必须明确抑制通货膨胀是处理好改革、发展和稳定三者关系的关键。搞市场经济，市场形势好时，企业赚了钱，要去补充自有资金，用来进行技术改造，而不是去铺摊子、大发奖金，最...     

CH-2000的液相色谱分析

文章采用液相色谱外标法对三唑类除草剂CH-2000原药进行了定量测定,该方法的标准偏差为0.21,变异系数为0.23%,回收率在99.1%～100.5%之间。     

What industrial marketers need to know now about ISO 9000 certification: A review, update, and integration with marketing

The ISO certification process has been in existence for 14 years. During that time, hundreds of thousands of suppliers of mainly industrial products and services have become ISO 9000 registered. However, the adoption rate of ISO 9000 certifications in US industry has lagged that of other developed countries. This is now changing; the number of new ISO 9000 certifications being obtained annually in the US is currently higher than most other countries in the world. Concurrently, the ISO 9000 certification series recently underwent a major revision, and much has been learned about the ISO 9000 certification process over the last 14 years. Therefore, industrial marketers who have taken a wait and see approach or have decided that the process is irrelevant to their businesses may need to reconsider this decision. To assist in this process, this article reviews the former and current ISO 9000 certification process, discusses the criticisms of the program, provides information regarding costs and benefits of certification, and offers suggestions for effectively integrating certification with the marketing program.     

对《国标》中旅游评价赋分标准的思考

旅游资源是旅游业发展的基础,旅游资源的分类、调查、评价是旅游业发展过程中的重要环节,也是旅游资源开发的基础和前提。国家标准GB／T18972-2003《旅游资源分类、调查和评价》的制定与推行,为地方旅游的发展提供了规范性的文本,各级旅游部门都以此为依据开展工作,但各地在应用的过程中。也发现该标准存在诸多问题．从旅游规划实践中的旅游资源评价出发,运用对比分析方法及文献资料法,对《国标》中旅游评价赋分标准存在的若干问题进行了分析,认为《国标》中存在主观性、局限性及不完善性,在此基础上．提出了对其进行改进的建议．     

基于JPEG2000的感兴趣区域编码方法研究

JPEG2000是由联合图像专家组为静态图像编码所制定的一个新的国际标准,通过感兴趣区域编码算法实现JPEG2000编码的高压缩率。本文通过对JPEG2000标准的ROI编码的两种位移编码算法分析和对比,引出一种新的ROI编码方法-GPBShift,并介绍了其编码原理及性能。     

CGCS2000坐标系的推广与应用

由于测量技术的限制以往描述空间点的位置通常用平面坐标和高程坐标来表示,随着空间大地测量技术的不断发展,为了避免二维坐标描述的弊端,实现更科学的描述动态的地球,世界各个国家都在完善各自的大地坐标系和它相应的坐标,我国在2008年7月1日启动了国家2000坐标系。地心坐标系统及其框架正在逐渐取代以往的传统的非地心大地坐标系统及其框架。