A Note on the Newsboy Model with a Cutoff Transaction Size and Gauss Holding and Penalty Cost Functions

In recent papers, the inventory models were presented in which customers with an order larger than a prespecified cutoff transaction size are satisfied in an alternative way, against additional cost. They assumed the holding and penalty cost functions are linear functions. In this paper, the Gauss function can be applied such as the cost for mailing letters or packages in the post office. Therefore, we address a variant of the holding and penalty cost functions by considering the Gauss holding and penalty cost functions to fit in with the most practical situations. In addition, we also assume that customers with an order larger than a prespecified cutoff transaction size are still assumed to be satisfied in an alternative way. Moreover, when the maximum demand is large, much more time may be required to determine the optimal solution. Thus, we adopt and modify the algorithm of the Golden Section Search Technique to determine the optimal order-up-to level S and the cutoff transaction size q systematically and provide illustrative numerical example.     

基于循环经济的工业区主导产业链错位发展——以上海、南京和宁波化工区为例

循环经济的本质是资源效率和环境效益。文章论证了化工产业的循环经济可以通过在工业区中建设和完善主导产业链来推进。主导产业链通过发挥化工区的优势和特色进行建设,不仅能够对周边产业资源进行整合,并且还能在毗邻化工区中形成错住发展模式,使化工区之间通过增强异构合作关系来提高优势互补效应。     

Applications of randomized low discrepancy sequences to the valuation of complex securities

This paper deals with a recent modification of the Monte Carlo method known as quasi-random Monte Carlo. Under this approach, one uses specially selected deterministic sequences rather than random sequences as in Monte Carlo. These special sequences are known as low discrepancy sequences and have the property that they tend to be evenly dispersed throughout the unit cube. For many applications in finance, the use of low discrepancy sequences seems to provide more accurate answers than random sequences. One of the main drawbacks of the use of low discrepancy sequences is that there is no obvious method of computing the standard error of the estimate. This means that in performing the calculations, there is no clear termination criterion for the number of points to use. We address this issue here and consider a partial randomization of Owen's technique for overcoming this problem. The proposed method can be applied to much higher dimensions where it would be computationally infeasible for Owen's technique. The efficiency of these procedures is compared using a particular derivative security. The exact price of this security can be calculated very simply and so we have a benchmark against which to test our calculations. We find that our procedures give promising results even for very high dimensions. Statistical tests are also conducted to support the confidence statement drawn from these procedures.     

Being pro-environmentally oriented SMEs: Understanding the entrepreneur's explicit and implicit power motives

The increased number of environmental problems caused by business activities put higher pressures on entrepreneurs to implement pro-environmental policies within their businesses. However, studies show that SMEs are less engaged with sustainable and pro-environmental policies. Hence, it is important to understand the barriers and drivers of implementing a pro-environmental strategy in SMEs from an entrepreneur's perspective. In a study with Indonesian SME owners, we find that environmental sustainability orientation (ESO) is driven by an entrepreneur's explicit and implicit power motives. Using polynomial regression with surface analysis, we also reveal that a high level of SME's ESO is affected by power motive discrepancy. We discuss implementations for policymakers, entrepreneurs, and educational programs in entrepreneurship.     

美国年报风险披露的现状和启示

会计报表的风险披露在我国尚未形成专门的规范。文章通过对美国上市公司2002年度的年报进行风险披露的调查,比较了两国报表在披露内容和披露形式方面的差异,并对其原因进行了分析,提出了几种可能的对策。     

兰州—西宁城镇密集区县域经济差异的空间格局演化分析

基于兰州—西宁城镇密集区2000-2008年的县域经济发展数据,以县域为研究单元,采用因子分析和GIS技术相结合的方法,对密集区经济差异的空间格局进行综合分析。结果表明:兰州—西宁城镇密集区发展较好的县域集中于湟水谷地、兰—青铁路沿线一带;密集区经济空间格局呈核心—外围空间结构,遵循空间距离衰减规律,且具有东西分异、南北分异和低值集聚、高值分散特征;2000—2008年,兰州—西宁城镇密集区县域经济差异有所减小,其中兰州市区、红古区、白银区和西宁市区保持区域经济核心地位不变,中等水平县域由数量少、斑块状的分散布局转变为范围广、集聚性强的面状空间形态,低增长型县域呈组团式集聚分布于密集区南部。     

Still pounding on the glass ceiling: A study of female leaders in hospitality,travel, and tourism management

Today, U.S. females represent the majority in both the hospitality and tourism management classroom and the work environment. However, the proverbial “glass ceiling” continues to exist, and evidence of career advancement obstacles remain salient in the hospitality, travel, and tourism management workplace. The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of successful female industry leaders in the hospitality, travel, and tourism industry, as well as their perceptions as to how they were able to overcome gender barriers and disparities. Findings offer participant reported “top issues” facing female leaders in the workplace, as well as strategies for overcoming these issues.     

Expectations,effectiveness and discrepancies: exploring multiple HR roles in the Chinese business context

One of the strategic issues in human resource management (HRM) research is the recognition of HR professionals' roles, yet how effective HR professionals are performing these roles has seldom been studied. This article conducts a two-phase study to explore the role expectations, role effectiveness and discrepancies of HR professionals in the Chinese business context. In the first phase, six roles in three domains were determined using a qualitative method. In the second phase, hypotheses were proposed and tested empirically. The results highlight that the value of role effectiveness is significantly lower than that of role expectation. In terms of perceptive discrepancies between HR and non-HR individuals, significant differences exist on the expectations of the roles in the strategic domain (i.e. facilitator and supporter), and also on the effectiveness of the roles in all three domains, except for that of facilitator in the strategic domain. The results also indicate that the effectiveness of each different role has a distinctive weighting in explaining the overall effectiveness of HRM, and that different groups hold diverse views on the relationship between role effectiveness and overall effectiveness.     

一种高速全数字卫星信号模拟源平台

提出了一种高速全数字卫星信号模拟源的平台实现方案,该方案以在线可编程门阵列 （FPGA）和高速模数转换器（DAC）为平台设计核心,采用了DAC与FPGA高速接口设计、并行 编码调制设计、数字白噪声生成设计、速率分级设计、DSP接口设计等设计手段,实现了高 速编码和并行调制,完成了高速DAC全数字中频信号直接合成、实时宽带信道模拟、超宽带 数字高斯白噪声生成等技术的研究与工程实践。     

基于基尼系数的安徽省居民收入地区差异研究

十六届三中全会后,中央提出＂五个统筹＂,作出了一系列推动区域协调发展的重大部署,强调走各地区协调发展、共同富裕之路,居民收入地区差异问题成为学界和各级政府关注的焦点。选择改革开放以来安徽省各市人均GDP、全部职工平均工资、农民人均纯收入等基础数据,利用基尼系数分解法测算安徽省居民收入地区差异,并深入分析了产生差距的原因,认为安徽省区域间居民收入地区差异仍在不断扩大,区域发展不平衡问题需要引起高度重视。