Participatory decision-making in land use planning: An application in Costa Rica

The economic, social and environmental implications of electricity generation for land use planning are a significant and complex problem in many countries. One reason for this complexity is the existence of several stakeholders with very different views or perceptions of the different criteria underlying the decision-making process. Therefore, the aggregation of individual stakeholder preferences into a single collective preference is a crucial problem. In this paper, this type of problem is addressed with the help of a methodology based upon the definition of a consensus within a distance-based framework. The methodology is applied to a case study in Costa Rica at two levels: at a national level and at a river basin level. The River Birrís was chosen because the conflict of interests between agricultural production and electricity generation are especially significant in this basin.     

构建环境友好型镇江开发区的努力途径

分析了当前镇江开发区开发区建设发展过程中所面临的环境问题,认为在新一轮的开发区建设过程中,灵活的行政体制及绿色GDP考核体系是环境友好型开发区的建设提供制度保障;开发区内完善的环规、环评及相关的其它规划,在宏观层面上为环境友好型开发区指明了方向;循环经济的推进、清洁生产的实施,使环境友好型开发区的构建成为可能;公众环保意识的提高,有效信息平台的构建以及完善的环保法律体系的形成,为环境友好型开发区建设的整个过程提供有效的监督与保障。     

关于相持阶段的林业产业发展问题

科学分析了当前我国林业产业发展的趋势和特点，提出从战略全局的高度充分认识相持阶段林业产业发展的重要意义，准确把握林业产业发展的指导思想、目标和重点，从我国实际出发，切实解决林业产业发展中林权制度改革、人工商品林采伐制度和育林基全制度等八个方面的问题。     

Work–home enrichment and health: an analysis of the mediating role of persistence in goal striving and vulnerability to stress

Extant research has shown that work–home enrichment (WHE) generates favorable effects on individuals' work-related and nonwork-related outcomes because of the synergistic combinations realized between work and home lives. In this paper, I explore the link between WHE and self-reported health. Despite this relationship has been already investigated in prior research, scholars have mostly adopted a simplistic approach that directly linked WHE to health, resulting in a limited understanding of what factors are conducive of such positive effects. In this paper, I test a more sophisticated model that link WHE to self-rated health indirectly, through the mediating role of persistence in goal striving and vulnerability to stress. By using data collected through the second follow-up of the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS II; 2004–2006) and involving a large national sample of working adults, the results show that individuals experiencing high levels of WHE report a better health status because of an enhanced determination to persist in goal striving even when facing difficulties and a lower vulnerability to stress. Implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.     

Socialization Tactics of New Retail Employees: A Pathway to Organizational Commitment

To address the prevailing issue of high turnover and low employee commitment in the retail industry, this study explores the role of newcomers’ individual differences and proactive socialization tactics in developing employee organizational commitment and reducing employee turnover. Based on data collected from 239 employees in a major U.S. retail store chain, this study found that individual differences, such as goal orientation and proactivity, are significantly related to employees’ choices of different socialization tactics, including inquiry, observation, and networking. The three tactics are associated with organizational commitment and furthermore employees’ actual turnover mainly through role clarity and attitudes toward a retail career. Among the three proactive socialization tactics, observation plays the most important role in the socialization process.     

Managing tourism emissions through optimizing the tourism demand mix: Concept and analysis

Carbon mitigation strategies are an urgent and overdue tourism industry imperative. The tourism response to climate action has been to engage businesses in technology adoption, and to encourage more sustainable visitor behaviour. These strategies however are insufficient to mitigate the soaring carbon footprint of tourism. Building upon the concepts of optimization and eco-efficiency, we put forward a novel carbon mitigation approach, which seeks to pro-actively determine, foster, and develop a long-term tourist market portfolio. This can be achieved through intervening and reconfiguring the demand mix with the fundamental aim of promoting low carbon travel markets. The concept and the analytical framework that quantitatively inform optimization of the desired market mix are presented. Combining the “de-growth” and “optimization” strategies, it is demonstrated that in the case study of Taiwan, great potential exists to reduce emissions and sustain economic yields. The implications for tourism destination managers and wider industry stakeholders are discussed.     

Unravelling agency relations inside the MNC: The roles of socialization,goal conflicts and second principals in headquarters-subsidiary relationships

Prior research has advanced classical agency theory to account for various characteristics of headquarters (HQ)-subsidiary relations in the multinational corporation (MNC). In an attempt to contribute to this line of research, in this paper, we propose and test an agency model for HQ-subsidiary relations inside the MNC. Drawing on classical agency assumptions, we develop a baseline hypothesis that links informal controls (i.e., socialization), HQ-subsidiary goal conflicts, and the HQ’s use of formal controls (i.e., behavioral controls). We subsequently introduce an important boundary condition, which reflects subsidiaries’ internal agency relations with subsidiary CEOs as second principals. More specifically, we argue that the baseline relationship only holds under low levels of second principal power. To test our model, we employed a unique study design with three parallel surveys addressing the agents and the two principals involved in 131 agency relations within one MNC.     

企业创新生态系统治理研究述评与展望

在复杂多变的创新环境下,企业之争升级为各个企业赖以生存的创新生态系统之争。为了使企业创新生态系统健康发展并具有持续竞争优势,需要深化企业创新生态系统治理研究。通过梳理相关文献,对企业创新生态系统治理边界、治理目标、治理结构、治理机制、治理绩效等问题进行回顾,指出现有研究的不足。在此基础上,提出可供研究者参考的未来研究方向。     

WTO规则下我国贸易政策变化的趋势及其影响

在世贸组织规则下,我国的贸易政策必然会呈现出自由化、市场化、透明度、公正性和统一性的特征。随着我国大部分产业三年保护期的结束,我国贸易政策已经在一定程度上显示出这样的特征。虽然这与社会主叉市场经济的要求相一致,但却会使我国的贸易政策目标面临冲击。为了应对这种冲击,我国需要在符合世贸组织规则要求的前提下,通过调整贸易战略、采取有效措施,给我国的产业和市场提供必要的保护及救济。     

浅谈成本如何管理与控制

随着我国经济体制改革的不断深入,企业管理以财务管理为核心已成为企业家和经济界人士的共识。我们之所以说财务管理是企业管理的核心,因为它是通过价值形态对企业资金运动的一项综合性的管理,渗透和贯穿于企业一切经济活动之中。因此,加强财务管理是企业可持续发展的关键所在。我们应从成本控制入手把财务管理目标推向一个新阶段,这是企业目前财务管理中的一项重要工作目标。