基于面板单位根检验的失业率结构突变研究

面板数据由于包含截面和时期提供了更多的信息,可以更好地分离出其中的随机成分而提高单位根检验的精度,考虑面板中的结构突变则可以进一步提高结论的准确性.通过构造基于结构突变的面板单位根检验方法,选取经合组织中具有代表性的15个国家年度失业率数据进行的实证分析表明:失业率指标为平稳性变量,在考虑结构突变时面板数单位根检验水平有了显著的提高,这为研究经济变量的平稳性,特别在观测期较短的情况下,提供了一种有效的研究手段.     

Price Tests to Define Markets: An Application to Wholesale Gasoline in Canda

The concept of relevant markets is fundamental to antitrust analysis, particularly to those relating to mergers. However, defining relevant markets is sometimes difficult ot operationalize. This has triggered a substantial literature in which price tests have been used to define both economic and antitrust markets. This paper reviews some price tests and applies them in order to define relevant geographic markets in wholesale gasoline in Canada. We find that relevant geographic markets can be larger than cities but smaller than East and West Canada.JEL classification: L490, L810The views expressed here are solely thoseof the authors and are not purpoted to be those of the Commissioner of Competition, the Competition Bureau, or Finance Canada.     

A Sequential Test for Structural Breaks in the Causal Linkages Between the G7 Short-Term Interest Rates

This paper investigates changes in the causal structure linking the G-7 short-term rates by using a sequential test for the constancy of the adjustment coefficients in error correction equations. This technique allows us to detect permanent structural breaks in the causal linkages. In this instance, the hypotheses of interest are the US world-wide leadership, the disengagement of UK monetary policy from those pursued in the Eurozone after the collapse of the ERM, and the German leadership hypothesis (GLH) within the European Union (EU). While we do not find any examples of reversal of causality, the evidence points to a break in the causal linkages between the UK and the German rates after the third/fourth quarter of 1992. The empirical results are also consistent with a US world-wide leadership and a weak German leadership within the Eurozone.     

国有商业银行脆弱性实证研究(1985～2005)

本文对各种银行脆弱性理论和实证研究进行整合后,选择4个核心指标对1985～2005年的国有商业银行脆弱性进行判断,认为国有商业银行脆弱性程度呈现先上升后下降的趋势,近2年的脆弱性程度已经降到历史最低点.从这个意义上说,国有商业银行能否保持和巩固改革和发展的成果,成功实现"战略转型"和向现代商业银行的蜕变,将成为一个重要的历史性课题.Granger因果关系检验和协整分析表明,部分宏观经济指标和金融指标均与国有商业银行脆弱性存在Granger因果关系和长期均衡关系,其中金融指标对脆弱性的影响程度高于宏观经济指标.一个良性互动的经济和金融体系,是银行稳定发展的重要基础.     

基于VAR模型的我国货币错配影响因素研究

发展中国家在融入全球经济体系时普遍面临货币错配,我国也不例外.近年来,我国的货币错配日益严重.在定性考察了我国货币错配影响因素的基础上,运用1985～2006年的经济数据.通过构建两个VAR模型,对我国货币错配及其影响因素进行了实证检验.结果表明:汇率制度选择对货币错配的影响最大;其次为经济增长速度;再次是贸易顺差程度.最后根据实证检验的结果,提出了管理和控制我国货币错配的四项政策建议.     

Price Discovery,Causality and Forecasting in the Freight Futures Market

This paper investigates the causal relationship between futures and spot prices in the freight futures market. Being a thinly traded market whose underlying asset is a service, sets it apart from other markets investigated so far in the literature. Causality tests, generalised impulse response analysis and forecasting performance evaluation indicate that futures prices tend to discover new information more rapidly than spot prices. Revisions in the composition of the underlying index to make it more homogeneous, have strengthened the price discovery role of futures prices. The information incorporated in futures prices, when formulated as a VECM, produces more accurate forecasts of spot prices than the VAR, ARIMA and random-walk models, over several steps ahead. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

How productivity and domestic output are related to exports and foreign output in the case of Sweden

In this paper we examine the relationships between two sets of three variables: Swedish real exports, Swedish real GDP, and foreign real GDP in one set; and Swedish real exports, Swedish total factor productivity, and foreign real GDP in the other set. The foreign real GDP facing Sweden is proxied by total OECD real GDP minus Sweden's real GDP. Multivariate tests for integration and cointegration show that the variables in each model are cointegrated. We also perform Granger causality tests on these variables in our examination using the Toda-Yamamoto procedure. We discover bi-directional causality between Swedish real exports and Swedish real GDP (or Swedish total factor productivity). Foreign real GDP is shown to Granger cause Swedish real exports, but no significant causation of foreign real GDP on either domestic GDP or total factor productivity was found. A change in foreign real GDP thus appears to affect Swedish output and productivity only indirectly, through changes in Swedish exports. JEL classification:F41, F43, C30, C32     

Granger causality of the inflation–growth mirror in accession countries*

The paper presents a model in which the exogenous money supply causes changes in the inflation rate and the output growth rate. While inflation and growth rate changes occur simultaneously, the inflation acts as a tax on the return to human capital and in this sense induces the growth rate decrease. Shifts in the model's credit sector productivity cause shifts in the income velocity of money that can break the otherwise stable relationship between money, inflation, and output growth. Applied to two accession countries, Hungary and Poland, a VAR system is estimated for each that incorporates endogenously determined multiple structural breaks. Results indicate Granger causality positively from money to inflation and negatively from inflation to growth for both Hungary and Poland, as suggested by the model, although there is some feedback to money for Poland. Three structural breaks are found for each country that are linked to changes in velocity trends, and to the breaks found in the other country.     

如何推动酒店管理专业的发展——从广东省酒店职业英语等级考试说起

在旅游高等教育快速发展的同时,各个专业方向发展不平衡突出,其中表现最为明显的是酒店管理专业方面。2008年,广东省在借鉴其他省市的经验基础上,推出了广东省酒店职业英语等级考试。于是,广东很多高等院校酒店管理专业都增设了酒店英语的课程,鼓励学生积极考证。考试的推出,即符合了行业发展的需要,又为酒店管理专业的建设指明了方向,起到了积极的影响。     

对在高职教育中实施社会考试的思考

文中通过对社会考试产生的背景、概念和特点的阐述 ,说明在高职教育中实施社会考试有利于高职教育明确定位、办出特色 ,有利于高职教育教学改革 ,提高教学质量 ,促进师资队伍建设 ,提高毕业学生就业的竞争力。在高职教育中实施社会考试符合时代的潮流 ,通过不断完善社会考试 ,充分与高职教育相结合 ,必将对我国高职教育的发展起到积极的推动作用。