Towards Trade Equalisation: A Network Perspective on Trade and Income Convergence Across the Twentieth Century

An enduring dynamic of the twentieth century is the dramatic expansion of global trade with increased partners, goods, frequency and volumes. Most trade explanations such as the Heckscher–Ohlin, new trade theory, gravity models, and Ricardo and Sraffa focus on how bilateral import and export volumes and intermediate input goods are driven by decreased financial and information transaction costs. Extending work on trade flows and economic development, we derive several network measures of degree, betweenness and eigenvector centrality from dyadic trade flows from 1960 to 2009. We then empirically explore the interactive effects of trade connectivity, economic production and stages of development on income convergence and trade equalisation. We empirically find clear patterns towards a new phenomenon, both sigma levels and beta rates trade convergence and equalisation for our entire sample. Visualising sigma and beta convergence for seven major trading nations from 1920 to 2010, we believe offers new insights into economic development theory if only beginning to loosen the knot of trade, growth and globalisation.     

The ECFA and its expected effect on cross-strait trade and investment: a Taiwanese perspective

To come to terms with the realization of ASEAN+1, Taiwan had concluded with mainland China a special free trade agreement (FTA), the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) in June 2010. This framework agreement provides an early harvest agreement of near-term tariff elimination, including detailed product schedules for goods and services from each side, with the final shape of fuller trade liberalization in goods and services taking years to negotiate and realize. The conclusion of the ECFA has been considered as a major breakthrough in cross-strait talks and economic relationships, even though it is by no means free from controversies inside Taiwan. The authors are therefore motivated by hot debates in Taiwan to reflect on the expected trade effect of the ECFA by taking into account the factor of cross-strait global production networks. In particular, we examine with a proposed model and statistical robustness, the trend of Taiwan-based firms' localization in mainland China, driven in part by constant movements in global production networks, which generates complicated and dynamic relationships between Taiwan's investment-induced trade and structural shift in Taiwan's exports to mainland China. Based on our empirical findings, we reflect on the conventional views on the trade effect of the free trade agreement. The results of our analyses tend to support a cautious view about the trade effect of the ECFA. Without denying the significance of the ECFA and deepening cross-strait economic relationships, we argue that the impact of the ECFA should be interpreted in a wider context than just the trade perspective, as the conventional wisdom and the existing evaluations suggested.     

A gossip based information fusion protocol for distributed frequent itemset mining

The computational complexity, huge memory space requirement, and time-consuming nature of frequent pattern mining process are the most important motivations for distribution and parallelization of this mining process. On the other hand, the emergence of distributed computational and operational environments, which causes the production and maintenance of data on different distributed data sources, makes the parallelization and distribution of the knowledge discovery process inevitable. In this paper, a gossip based distributed itemset mining (GDIM) algorithm is proposed to extract frequent itemsets, which are special types of frequent patterns, in a wireless sensor network environment. In this algorithm, local frequent itemsets of each sensor are extracted using a bit-wise horizontal approach (LHPM) from the nodes which are clustered using a leach-based protocol. Heads of clusters exploit a gossip based protocol in order to communicate each other to find the patterns which their global support is equal to or more than the specified support threshold. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the best existing gossip based algorithm in term of execution time.     

iSDS: a self-configurable software-defined storage system for enterprise

ABSTRACT

Storage is one of the most important aspects of IT infrastructure for various enterprises. But, enterprises are interested in more than just data storage; they are interested in such things as more reliable data protection, higher performance and reduced resource consumption. Traditional enterprise-grade storage satisfies these requirements at high cost. It is because traditional enterprise-grade storage is usually designed and constructed by customised field-programmable gate array to achieve high-end functionality. However, in this ever-changing environment, enterprises request storage with more flexible deployment and at lower cost. Moreover, the rise of new application fields, such as social media, big data, video streaming service etc., makes operational tasks for administrators more complex. In this article, a new storage system called intelligent software-defined storage (iSDS), based on software-defined storage, is described. More specifically, this approach advocates using software to replace features provided by traditional customised chips. To alleviate the management burden, it also advocates applying machine learning to automatically configure storage to meet dynamic requirements of workloads running on storage. This article focuses on the analysis feature of iSDS cluster by detailing its architecture and design.     

经济长波理论与网络文化产业发展

创新,是经济发展的本质规定。文化,是衡量世界发展的重要尺度。网络文化产业发展,正是一种创新性的发展。它既同经济周期、长波理论紧密关联,又具有反经济周期的特性,呈现出逆势上扬的特点。当然,网络文化产业的反周期与逆势上扬,并不一定是消费者直接付费的增长,而可能是其间接支出的累积,例如广告投入的力度加大。中国网络文化产业,正进入发展的黄金时期。     

The Quantitative Law of Network Information Growth

Based on the assumptions of ＂information transfer＂ and ＂information creation＂, this paper educes the multiplied growth mechanism of network information： that the gross quantity of network information （Im） is about n times as much as the quantity of real network information （Ir）. According to this theoretical model, we give a uniform explanation to all kinds of information growth models in existence, and put forward some proposals, such as ＂forbidding information transfer＂ and ＂building up the central information base＂, to control the repeated information flooding on the network and facilitate the full use of network information.     

经济不确定衡量及对股票市场的影响——基于网络信息检索技术

基于网络信息检索频率的基础上,提出了一种新的衡量经济不确定程度的方法。文章的研究动机来自于经济心理学的研究成果,即经济主体往往会通过信息检索的增加来反映不确定程度的增加。网络信息检索的优点主要体现在检索面广和即时性上,并且与文字相比,网络信息检索更能够客观地反映人们的行为。研究结论显示,以网络信息检索为基础的衡量经济不确定程度的方法与其他若干相关指标相比具有明显的优势,并且这种方法与整个股票市场的收益率和波动率都有着紧密的联系。     

基于隐性知识传播的虚拟企业知识协作网络研究

隐性知识是虚拟企业竞争优势的来源,而知识协作又是传播隐性知识的重要途径.知识团体之间的知识协作关系形成了虚拟企业复杂的知识协作网络.为全面把握虚拟企业知识协作网络的结构,建立了基于某隐性知识传播的虚拟企业知识协作无标度网络,并对之进行了深入探讨.     

科技型中小企业集群化竞争优势分析

伴随着技术复杂性的提高,科技型中小企业创新受到成本、经验等各方面的阻碍,而企业集群化发展则有着成本领先、持续创新、更容易获得资金支持和政策支持等方面的竞争优势。推动科技型中小企业集群化发展,要创建以政府为主导、科技型中小企业为核心、区域创新文化环境为基础,各科研机构、中介机构相互作用的创新网络体系,发挥集群优势,实现集群内各中小企业跨越式发展。     

Study on Coordinated Development of Regions Based on the Construction of Enterprise Value Network

Under the background of constructing harmonious economic society, how to realize the coordinated development of regions in the course of region integration is a key problem. According to the relevant theory of enterprise gene reconfiguration and enterprise value network construction, we analyzed the problems in the merging course between the value network construction and region economic growth. Finally, we put forward the basic path of coordinated development of regions.