水价对中国北方城市居民用水需求影响分析

介绍城市居民用水需求变化的背景,对北方城市居民用水需求进行了预测。得出结论：水价对于减少城市居民用水需求的作用非常显著;城市化的高速发展会对城市居民用水造成巨大压力,对城市居民用水价格、用水管理手段和农业节水制度的积极改革,为解决城市居民用水供需缺口提供可能。     

农业两部制水价改革的福利效应分析

介绍了我国农业水价制度的变迁及农业水价的制定方法。分析了我国农业水价改革的水价福利效应。以湖北灌区农业水价改革为例，分析了农业水价改革的实践效果及改革中存在问题的成因。分析结果表明：农业水价改革强化了农田灌溉中的水量限制，而忽视了既定制度约束下农民用水的需求理性和灌溉系统脆弱的供水能力；农业两部制水价改革加剧了灌溉供水的时间需求与灌溉系统输配水能力之间的矛盾，导致农业灌溉水供求脱节、水资源利用率下降，难以达到节约用水和改善水资源分配效应的预期目标；完善水价形成机制、推进用水交易合约化是水价改革成功的关键。     

区片价制度对征地主体利益分配的影响

研究目的:评估区片价制度对征地补偿中国家和集体间利益分配的影响。研究方法:资产选择理论、裁定条件模型、实证分析。研究结果:(1)区片价制度提高了村集体在征地补偿过程中的相对利益,但这种优势随地租上升而递减。(2)区片价制度有利于地区间公平,但高产出的土地所在村集体利益相对受损。研究结论:作为从计划向市场的过渡形式,区片价制度对利益分配的改善意义重大,但要最终实现不同征地主体间的利益优化,需完成向市场化的转变。     

“限地价,竞配建”土地出让方式的理论分析与实证研究

研究目的:对中国土地市场中新兴的"限地价,竞配建"挂牌方式进行研究,并与"定配建,竞地价"招标方式相对比。研究方法:建立有限价的两阶段拍卖和封闭式拍卖模型,分析开发商和地方政府的最优策略。研究结果:(1)在限制拍卖起始价的前提下,结合"溢价率超50%需上报"的规定,"限地价,竞配建"方式可有效控制地价并促进保障房的开发;(2)"限地价,竞配建"挂牌方式可通过相应的招标方式实现,但并不同于"定配建,竞地价"的招标方式。研究结论:"限地价,竞配建"挂牌方式和"定配建,竞地价"招标方式是促进保障房建设的重要手段。地方政府若希望落实保障房建设,挂牌方式更好;若希望降低地价,招标方式更好。     

农业用水自治研究

目的 为了充分调动农业用水户管水积极性,减少政府工作压力,提升农业用水效率,开展农业用水自治具有重要意义。方法 文章在综合分析国内外农业用水自治文献的基础上,结合农业用水自治实践存在的问题,提出实施农业用水自治建议。结果 国内外理论研究和实践表明,农业用水自治是农业用水管理重要组成部分,在农业用水“最后一公里”过程中发挥着不可替代的作用,充分发挥好农业用水自治功能,有利于提升水资源管理水平和农业用水效率。结论 农业用水自治可以分为完全自治、半自治、微自治、完全不自治4种类型,现代农业用水自治是未来发展方向。我国农业用水自治存在缺乏系统理论指导等四方面问题,提出了加强农业用水自治理论研究等4个建议。     

Does oligopsony power matter in price support policy design? Empirical evidence from the Thai Jasmine rice market

In the oligopsony market, farmers may receive low prices and policy analysis assuming perfect competition can yield serious bias results. In this paper, we estimate oligopsony power between processors and farmers and evaluate the welfare impact of the paddy pledging program (PPP), a generous price support program in the Thai Jasmine rice market, with an imperfect competition model. We develop a model that consists of rice supply equation and derived demand equation. We then simultaneously estimate these equations using system estimation methods to recover oligopsony power parameters. Finally, we use these parameters to assess the welfare impact of the price support program. Using annual panel data running from crop marketing year 2001/2002–2015/2016 and exploiting the institutional feature of the PPP, we find strong evidence of some oligopsony power, a moderate level of oligopsony price distortion, and a negative relationship between price support and oligopsony power. We also find that the PPP is inefficient but effective in income redistribution. Moreover, the program benefits both farmers and consumers. With better policymaking decisions, the PPP can be efficient by setting a suitable support price. Therefore, our results show that in the case of the Thai Jasmine rice market, the generally accepted “wisdom” about agricultural price support policy does not necessarily hold, and price support can be designed to improve the efficiency of the market.     

Impacts of the End of the Coffee Export Quota System on International‐to‐Retail Price Transmission

We examine the impact of the end of the coffee export quota system (EQS) on international‐to‐retail price transmission in France, Germany and the United States. We take account of the existence of long‐run threshold effects and short‐run price transmission asymmetries (PTAs). We find evidence of threshold effects in both periods (EQS and post‐EQS) in all three countries and the presence of short‐run PTAs during the post‐EQS period in all countries, but not during the EQS period. Our results indicate that the threshold values are smaller in the post‐EQS period, suggesting that retail prices became more responsive to changes in international prices. However, the speed of adjustment towards the long‐run equilibrium decreases during the post‐EQS period in the three countries. In the short run, non‐linear impulse response analyses indicate that a shock in international prices was more persistent during the EQS period than in the post‐EQS period. Moreover, we find evidence of short‐run PTAs in the post‐EQS period, with differences across countries. We find support for the ‘rockets and feathers’ principle in the United States; in contrast, retail prices respond faster when international prices are falling in Germany and France. We explain these differences in terms of market structures.     

分税制改革、财政分权和房价水平

1998年房改以来,中国城镇房价持续快速上涨,引起了社会公众的广泛关注。本文发现,较高的房价水平总是与较高的财政分权度联系在一起的,而较高的财政分权度又与1994年的分税制改革密切相关。本文采用2000-2008年的分省面板数据,研究分税制改革背景下财政分权度对房价的影响机制,为上述假说提供实证证据。结果表明,分税制背景下逐年扩大的财政分权度是导致房价持续过快上涨的不可忽视的制度性因素。在使用了不同的计量方法、识别技术以及控制了其他潜在影响房价的因素后,本文的估计结果依然是稳健的。     

基于中国股市微观结构的流动性与执行成本分析

运用市场微观结构理论来分析中国股市的交易制度、流动性和执行成本后发现:(1)在佣金和交易税相等的条件下,B股的知情交易者执行成本普遍大于A股,导致B股的流动性小于A股,买卖价差显著大于A股,表明投资者对B股交易要求较高的风险报酬;(2)一旦控制住执行成本中普通交易者对知情交易者所要求的风险补偿,A、B股买卖价差的区别就消失了。因此,证券管理部门应在B股市场引入做市商制度并在微观结构理论的指导下,加强交易监管系统,从而提高B股的流动性并降低其执行成本。