Literature in strategic management in the hospitality industry

This literature review of the research in strategic management in the hospitality industry covers the 2 year period of 2002–2003. Using a contingency model framework for the analysis the research reported in refereed journals in the field of hospitality is reported. Additionally, research that considered the context of the hospitality industry but published in non-hospitality refereed journals was also included. Key issues and needs in the area are provided at the conclusion.     

构筑人才新优势提升核心竞争力

加入世界贸易组织以后，我国建筑市场竞争更趋激烈。建筑企业要始终立于不败之地，保持强劲发展势头，必须抓住人才这一关键。要把人本战略作为第一战略而优先实施，通过多种途径，加快构筑人才新优势，迅速提升核心竞争力。     

入世对中国人力资源开发的冲击

入世对于中国是一个巨大的挑战，这是客观的，不能回避的。同时入世又是一个机遇。入世后现行的人事、工资制度难以维系。现行的教育制度必须改革。我国企业必须进行人力资源的开发，一个企业会成为一个学习型组织，一个员工会学会“终身学习”。     

What Obscures the Skill Content Embodied in China''s Net Export?

China will exert a great impact on the world market after its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) with its labor-intensive exports, since China has more than 20% of the world's population.¹ Among which farmers make up 78.1% of the share.² This paper intends to measure the skill content embodied in China's net exports by using Maskus' (1994) methodology. The empirical results indicate that other factors tend to overshadow ranking of the skill content. It goes against the conventional wisdom that the Chinese farmers are not regarded as an abundant factor. The paradoxical result can be explained by mismatching of resources, identical homothetic preference and quality of input. Migration from rural areas to the coastal regions within the country will accelerate after China's entry to WTO. Moreover, upgrading of the skill content becomes imperative for China in its adjustment of export structure and resource allocation.     

The export technology content, learning by doing and specialization in foreign trade

We examine empirically whether countries with relatively little production and export experience specialize in the production and export of more standardized and lower-technology products, and those with more production experience produce and export more recently developed and higher-technology products. Using panel data covering 127 countries and the period between 1970 and 1997, we find that export experience does help to account for the variation in export content. Exporting experience influences a country's export mix more than its production experience, suggesting that there may be a trade-induced component of learning by doing in foreign trade specialization.     

游移的边界：社区自治话语权的争夺

社区自治的边界作为基层治理的前沿问题日渐成为理论界争论的焦点。公共经济学热衷于清晰边界的逐步厘定,组织社会学则对模糊的边界情有独钟。在基层社区的现实实践中,相对清晰的边界与职能广泛交叉、边界融合的情况却是同时存在的。从表面上看,相对于商品房社区相对清晰的边界而言,老公房社区模糊与退缩的边界是政府强势入侵的结果,实质上却是其社区资源购买力缺乏普遍的货币交易属性而引致的话语权弱势引起的。     

浅析我国人力资源方面存在的问题及解决对策

人力资源是最重要的生产要素。当前我国人力资源存在着总体素质较低、教育投入不足、结构不合理、老龄化趋势严重、地区差距较大等问题,只有从加大教育投入,完善教育立法,加强中外教育、两岸三地教育合作等才能全面提高人力资源总体水平,也才能为未来的经济发展奠定坚实的基础,从而使中国人力资源开发朝着更加良性、合理的方向发展。     

管理层股权激励的经济学分析

本文认为人力资本产权制度安排是微观主体追求潜在的利益而产生的外在动力及生产力水平发展与传统分配制度内在矛盾产生的内在动力共同作用的结果。管理者作为一种异质性人力资本,产权的有效界定是实现企业可持续发展的关键,本文试图分析几种管理者参与剩余利润分配的方式,并就股票期权在我国的反向激励问题进行阐述。     

论人力资本分享企业剩余索取权的合理性

企业剩余索取权的安排是公司治理理论的争论热点.当前的公司治理结构存在制度上的缺陷,人力资本所有者缺位是现行公司治理结构缺乏效率的根源.给予人力资本所有者平等的产权地位,让人力资本所有者拥有企业所有权是完善公司治理的必由之路.本文从人力资本的产权特征、企业成长阶段、知识经济的发展、财富的创造等多方面论述了企业人力资本所有者应拥有剩余索取权,并分析了人力资本产权化对公司治理重点转变的影响.     

Modelling Exogenous Variables in Human Capital Formation through a Heteroscedastic Stochastic Frontier

The objective of this paper is to suggest the use of a stochastic frontier model in which the inefficiency component is heteroscedastic in the measurement of technical efficiency in Human Capital Formation in the Italian University System. The heteroscedastic frontier model enables one to consider the effect of students’ individual characteristics and the influences of the resources and organization of the specific faculty on efficiency. The suggested model is applied to the case of Florence University graduates. The results show that the model specification is strongly supported by the data. Moreover, the suggested specification explains variation in technical efficiency in terms of graduate-specific factors. The technical efficiency scores obtained are comparable across faculties.