Examining the forward pricing function of the Australian equity index futures contract

The relationship between the Australian equity index futures and spot prices is examined. Tests indicate that futures prices with one, two and three months to maturity are unbiased predictors of the spot and hence provide an efficient hedging mechanism for Australian equity index market participants, while six‐, nine‐ and twelve‐month futures prices are biased predictors of spot prices, indicating that speculative opportunities may exist in futures contracts for these time spreads. An analysis of the short‐run dynamic properties of the long‐run equilibrium relationship found that for all time spreads the futures prices respond to changes in the long‐run equilibrium, and for the twelve‐month contract, both futures and spot prices adjust to return to the long‐run equilibrium.     

对凯恩斯消费函数的实证分析——以中国城市居民消费支出为例

英国经济学家凯恩斯以1929～1933年的经济大萧条为时代背景,在《通论》中提出了消费函数的概念。凯恩斯认为虽然有众多的因素都影响着居民的消费支出,但是具有决定意义的是居民收入水平。凯恩斯的消费函数理论自问世以来受到其他的消费理论的质疑,包括相对收入消费理论、生命周期消费理论和永久收入消费理论等。对于这些质疑,我们可以用实证的方法来验证凯恩斯消费函数。     

养老保险改革对家庭储蓄率的影响:中国的经验证据

本文利用1995年和1999年城镇住户调查数据(CHIPS)分析中国养老保险制度改革对家庭储蓄率的影响,从一个新的角度解释20世纪90年代中后期中国家庭储蓄率上升的原因。1995—1997年间中国对城镇企业职工进行的养老保险制度改革使得企业职工养老金财富发生变化,这种养老金财富的变化具有外生性,因而这项改革可以作为一项政策实验用来识别养老金财富对家庭储蓄率的影响。研究结果表明:中国的储蓄行为可以由生命周期模型解释;养老金财富对于家庭储蓄存在显著的替代效应,这一效应平均为-0.4—-0.3左右;但不同家庭这种替代效应有明显差异,户主年龄在35—49岁的家庭,储蓄率会显著受到养老金财富的影响,其他家庭这一影响并不显著。     

Environmental regulation and MNEs location: Does CSR matter?

We investigate whether firms with relatively low environmental standards are more often located in countries that are poor, corrupt or have weak environmental regulations. We find new empirical evidence in favor of the Pollution Haven Hypothesis, which states that MNEs are transferring their dirty operations to countries with weak environmental regulation. Our findings suggest that these are not necessarily the poorest or most corrupt countries. We establish that MNEs with strong social responsibility avoid locating their operations in countries with weak environmental regulation.     

一种新的股市泡沫计量方法

针对我国股票市场股权改革和一级市场非市场化的特殊情况,本文提出把"整个"上市公司抽象成"一个"上市公司的假定,得到股市的理论收益率和实际收益率指标,根据这两个指标的动态变化关系,提出了一种新的股市泡沫计量方法.为了检验这一方法,本文计量了同期美国、日本股市泡沫的情况.实证结果显示新的计量方法能够很好地解释我国股市的泡沫情况.     

我国股票市场收益率的持久性分析

随着混沌理论的发展和应用,分形市场理论逐步引起金融领域研究者的重视.R/S方法是研究分行结构特征的有效工具,许多学者应用R/S方法分析股票市场收益率的变化规律,得出了有价值的结论.采用修正R/S方法以及关联维数方法分析上证综合指数的市场有效性,结果显示,上证综合指数没有呈现明显的持久性,不能拒绝有效市场假说.     

Bayesian Hypothesis Testing: a Reference Approach

For any probability model M={p(x|θ, ω), θεΘ, ωεΩ} assumed to describe the probabilistic behaviour of data xεX, it is argued that testing whether or not the available data are compatible with the hypothesis H₀={θ=θ₀} is best considered as a formal decision problem on whether to use (a₀), or not to use (a₀), the simpler probability model (or null model) M₀={p(x|θ₀, ω), ωεΩ}, where the loss difference L(a₀, θ, ω) –L(a₀, θ, ω) is proportional to the amount of information δ(θ₀, ω), which would be lost if the simplified model M₀ were used as a proxy for the assumed model M. For any prior distribution π(θ, ω), the appropriate normative solution is obtained by rejecting the null model M₀ whenever the corresponding posterior expectation ∫∫δ(θ₀, θ, ω)π(θ, ω|x)dθdω is sufficiently large. Specification of a subjective prior is always difficult, and often polemical, in scientific communication. Information theory may be used to specify a prior, the reference prior, which only depends on the assumed model M, and mathematically describes a situation where no prior information is available about the quantity of interest. The reference posterior expectation, d(θ₀, x) =∫δπ(δ|x)dδ, of the amount of information δ(θ₀, θ, ω) which could be lost if the null model were used, provides an attractive nonnegative test function, the intrinsic statistic, which is invariant under reparametrization. The intrinsic statistic d(θ₀, x) is measured in units of information, and it is easily calibrated (for any sample size and any dimensionality) in terms of some average log‐likelihood ratios. The corresponding Bayes decision rule, the Bayesian reference criterion (BRC), indicates that the null model M₀ should only be rejected if the posterior expected loss of information from using the simplified model M₀ is too large or, equivalently, if the associated expected average log‐likelihood ratio is large enough. The BRC criterion provides a general reference Bayesian solution to hypothesis testing which does not assume a probability mass concentrated on M₀ and, hence, it is immune to Lindley's paradox. The theory is illustrated within the context of multivariate normal data, where it is shown to avoid Rao's paradox on the inconsistency between univariate and multivariate frequentist hypothesis testing.     

中国房地产市场财富效应分析——基于生命周期假说的宏观消费函数

在生命周期假说的基础上,构造了一个城镇居民资产与城镇居民人均消费关系的模型,并利用1978~2006年的数据,分阶段实证研究了中国城镇居民住宅资产对城镇居民人均消费的影响。实证研究发现,中国房地产市场不具有财富效应。中国消费者的消费心理、法律制度以及现阶段中国房地产市场不成熟,是造成中国房地产市场不具有财富效应的重要原因。     

情感因素对TEFL的影响及对策研究

情感因素是影响TEFL的重要因素之一。在外语教学中如何运用积极的情感策略以提高外语教学的效果十分重要。本文以克拉申(Krashen)的情感过滤假说(the Affective Filter Hypothesis)理论为基础,归纳了影响TEFL的主要情感制约因素,并探究克服这些制约的策略。