The environmental,social and economic effects of recent technological changes in sugarcane on the State of São Paulo,Brazil

From 2007 to 2017, the Agro‐Environmental Protocol of the Sugar and Energy Sector was in force, an agreement between sugarcane mill owners and the State Government of São Paulo, Brazil, proposing to eliminate sugarcane burning as a method to facilitate the harvest. Simultaneously, the sugarcane harvest was becoming widely mechanized while, under the interests of capital accumulation, the mills were entering the information and communication technology era and providing the agricultural processes with more precise and immediate management and technological controls, similar to those implemented in the mills' administrative and industrial operations in the 1990s. Short‐term factors, including environmental factors, favoured sugarcane technological changes. As a result, there was a mass layoff of rural workers and an increasing number of people/workers in agricultural mechanization, transportation and maintenance of machinery and administrative as well. The whole process highlighted the differences between mills, resulting in small and medium sugarcane farmers and mills to become the most impacted, in operational and financial terms, by the accelerating mechanization of the sugarcane industry as a whole.     

Worker Cooperatives in the Theory of the Firm: Marx and Veblen on Technological Determinism

This article contends that, in their treatments of worker cooperatives, the predominant theories of the firm adhere to the logic of technological determinism, and can accordingly be evaluated using the ideas of Thorstein Veblen and Karl Marx. Invoking these patriarchs’ respective distinctions between instrumental and ceremonial institutions and between the technical and social relations of production, the article argues that, contrary to contemporary theories of the firm, worker cooperatives possess an inherent but often latent advantage in implementing bureaucratic organizational structures, enjoying their instrumental/technical benefits for technology and coordination without incurring their ceremonial/social drawbacks for behavior and cooperation.     

Multiple foci of commitment in a professional service firm: balancing complex employment relations

Employees of professional service firms (PSFs) have attachments to multiple groups, which may be either compatible or conflicting: their employer, their clients and their profession. We analyse the antecedents of commitment to these three foci based on a survey of 510 employees in a large PSF in Norway. The main findings are as follows: (1) low quality of internal work relations is negatively associated with employer commitment and draws employees towards external foci of commitment – the clients and the profession; (2) role conflict is associated with stronger commitment to the client organisation and the profession; and (3) autonomy and transferability of skills are associated with stronger commitment to the profession, but does not undermine commitment to the employer. The article contributes to our understanding of the conditions under which employees identify with external groups and when commitment to the employer may be compromised. The findings have implications for how managers can help to increase the commitment of employees involved in complex employment relations.     

工件在加工中心上装夹定位基准选择与原则实例浅述

本文通过对工件在数控铣床、加工中心上装夹定位基准选择及定位基准原则的阐述。为我们在加工中工件的定位提供了理论基础及实践依据;并通过实例的列举更能够理论联系实际。以到服务于实际的目的。     

进城务工者随迁子女教育公平问题研究

进城务工者随迁子女教育公平问题是当前我国城市化和现代化过程中出现的重要社会问题。其主要表现是子女入学难、受歧视、升学考试难和受教育质量堪忧等。造成进城务工者子女教育公平问题的根源在于二元经济结构下的户籍制度、教育资源分配和教育体制等方面。因此,需要进行相应的制度设计体制创新,并制定出适当的经济政策。     

误差的概念,指标及测量结果表达方法的探讨

误差的概念、指标和测量结果的表达是误差理论中仍具有争议的基本问题，影响着误差理论的完善。通过对误差概念和指标的论述，确定了误差的母概念的衡量指标，建立了误差的概念体系。指出了测量结果表达方法存在的问题，给出了测量结果的合理表达式。     

农民向农民工转化的收入临界值分析——基于陕西省中部的调查研究

农民向农民工的转化受到很多因素的影响,其中收入是最关键的因素。本文就针对如何确定农民向农民工转化的收入临界值问题,通过调查分析,得出两个主要结论:一是农民向“离家进城”打工的农民工转化的收入临界值为农民在农村人均月收入的4.80倍;二是农民就地转化为农民工的收入临界值为农民在农村人均月收入的2.52倍。本研究的目的是,期望以此标准为政府更准确地制定劳动法中针对农民工最低工资的相关条款提供参考,同时也可指导企业制定针对其农民工的合理薪酬,为促进我国农村剩余劳动力的转移做出积极的贡献。     

我国发达地区农民工短缺问题归因论

本文认为,目前我国发达地区出现农民工短缺问题,主要有三大因素:一是多年来农民工的工作环境没有得到改善;二是企业对劳动力的需求扩张;三是劳动力素质结构不能满足产业结构升级的需要。要解决这一问题,当务之急是要加大农民工的培训与保障力度,提升其专业技能与素质。文章提出,企业要与农民工签订长期合同,减少农民工季节性打工和劳动力回流费用,加强职业技能培训;政府要大力发展面向农民工的非学历中等职业教育,改善农民工的工作环境和条件,将农民工纳入社会保障体系,解决好农民工的子女教育问题。     

浙江农民工幸福感调查研究

基于对浙江农民工进行的问卷调查测量其幸福感,并与其他群体进行比较,真实把握浙江农民工在生活诸方面对幸福的感受,以期为党和政府进行决策提供科学的依据。     

珠三角"民工荒"的原因与启示

自2004年起,珠三角地区许多企业遇到了招工难问题,由过去的"民工潮"转变为"民工荒". "民工荒"现象的产生最直接的原因就是农民工工资低,生活就业环境差,但深层的原因是我国农民工文化和技能水平低,人力资本不足与珠三角地区产业结构升级矛盾所引起的.因此,化解珠三角"民工荒"的出路在于:一是加强对农民工的人力资本投资,提高民工就业能力;二是加快产业结构升级和转移,实现区域经济协调发展.