数字经济能促进绿色发展吗？——基于节能、减排、增效机制的实证检验

构建多维评价体系测度中国各省绿色发展和数字经济水平,并实证检验数字经济对绿色发展的影响作用及其内在机制。研究结果表明,数字经济的发展显著促进了绿色发展水平的提高,这一结论在采取工具变量等一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。分位数回归结果证明这种作用呈现出随数字经济水平提高而不断增强的非线性特征,验证了网络效应的存在。异质性检验结果表明,数字经济对绿色发展的影响作用表现出地区差异、产业结构差异和环境规制强度差异。数字经济能够降低能源消耗、减少污染排放、提高生产效率,其中提高生产效率是数字经济促进绿色发展的主要作用机制。     

The potential of African trade integration – Panel data evidence for the COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite

ABSTRACT

The COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite FTA, formed in 2011, is supposed to be a milestone towards Africa's continental trade integration. This study analyzes the impact of regional integration among the Tripartite countries on their bilateral imports before that date to evaluate the latest integration efforts. We estimate an extended gravity model on a large panel of 51 African countries using yearly observations from 1995 to 2010. We proxy existing formal trade barriers by sample average tariff data on imports from the world as well as indicator variables for the membership in regional FTAs. We consider different estimation techniques and discuss distinct sets of fixed effects. The PPML regression results indicate that remaining tariffs are significantly negatively correlated with imports throughout the preferred multiplicative models. An FTA status does not show a clear-cut import enhancing effect. In the specifications that control for country-year effects, the EAC coefficient is positively correlated with imports, and the COMESA and SADC FTA membership show a positive relation to imports within some reduced-sample robustness checks.     

The Impact of “Consumer Cringe” on Developing Regional Trade Blocks

Abstract

The continuing development of regional trade blocs, such as COMESA (The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa), ECOWAS (The Economic Community of Western African States) and the resurgence of a new EAC (East African Co-operation), will depend significantly on consumer confidence in products from within the region. Ninety-six Commerce undergraduates from Tanzania estimated the preference patterns, among relevant home market segments, for a range of consumer goods produced in Tanzania, East Africa, and the West. For each comparison, the three goods were described as identical in terms of the “4 Ps” (Product, Promotion, Price, and Place). Tanzanian consumers were consistently reported to prefer Western foreign goods over equivalent regional imports, with home-produced goods faring least well of all. Such “consumer cringe” (which has also been identified in West Africa and South America) suggests that at least in terms of the East African Co-operation (EAC), regionally-produced goods can indeed be relatively attractive, provided a bias in favor of Western goods can be addressed by appropriate marketing initiatives.     

环境税收的微观经济效应分析

环境税收是建设“资源节约型、环境友好型”社会的有力经济杠杆。自环境税收实施以来,理论界对环境税收的微观经济效应评说不一。实际上,环境税收不仅是一种矫正外部不经济的手段,而且在价格效应、产量效应、替代效应方面发挥了显著的作用。     

反倾销与特保措施经济效应的对比分析

2009年1月1日,中国加入WTO工作组报告第242段到期失效,进口国将不能再据此对我国纺织品出口采取特保措施,我国纺织业面临新的发展机遇,然而由于我国纺织品出口"量大价低"的现状,进口国势必转向反倾销等新贸易壁垒保护本国产业。采用一个进口国两个出口国的模型,将反倾销与特保措施的经济效应对比分析。研究结果表明,与特保相比,反倾销给我国造成的福利损失更大,对我国纺织产业更具威胁;进口国采取反倾销未必能改善本国福利,且对纺织产业的保护效果也值得怀疑。     

俄罗斯对华直接投资的贸易效应研究

俄罗斯一直是我国重要的贸易伙伴国,双边贸易潜力巨大,双向投资日趋活跃,中俄两国经贸关系不断深化。中俄双边投资规模和质量的快速提高,对中俄贸易的发展起到了积极的影响作用。通过分析俄罗斯对华直接投资对中俄贸易所产生的效应,能够更好地促进中俄经贸合作战略升级。本文从贸易与投资规模的角度,选取1992—2008年的中国对俄出口贸易额和对俄进口贸易额作为被解释变量,俄罗斯对华直接投资流量和存量作为解释变量,设立了多元回归分析模型,用以考察俄罗斯对华直接投资对中俄进出口贸易的短期和中长期影响。结果表明：俄罗斯对华直接投资流量对中国对俄出口贸易影响不显著,俄罗斯对华直接投资存量与中国对俄出口贸易之间存在互补效应,俄罗斯对华直接投资流量与中国对俄进口贸易之间存在互补效应,俄罗斯对华直接投资存量与中国对俄进口贸易之间存在替代效应。     

Which firms benefit from foreign direct investment? Empirical evidence from Indonesian manufacturing

Despite growing concern regarding the productivity benefits of foreign direct investment (FDI), very few studies have been conducted on the impact of FDI on firm-level technical efficiency. This study helps fill this gap by empirically examining the spillover effects of FDI on the technical efficiency of Indonesian manufacturing firms. A panel data stochastic production frontier (SPF) method is applied to 3318 firms surveyed over the period 1988–2000. The results reveal evidence of positive FDI spillovers on technical efficiency. Interesting differences emerge however when the samples are divided into two efficiency levels. High-efficiency domestic firms receive negative spillovers, in general, while low-efficiency firms gain positive spillovers. These findings justify the hypothesis of efficiency gaps, that the larger is the efficiency gap between domestic and foreign firms the easier the former extracts spillover benefits from the latter.     

日本银行的信贷扩张及其危机效应

通常人们将日本银行的坏账和不良资产问题归咎于日本的泡沫经济以及东南亚的经济危机．而在具体、现实的解释上，日本银行自身经营的失败和机制的缺陷才是最重要、最直接的危机成因，对日本银行信贷扩张历程的分析展现了日本银行不良资产困境及其危机效应的形成过程。     

关于《企业会计准则——租赁》融资租赁业务的处理

本文着重从四个方面分析了入关后对企业财务管理的影响。