Optimal money supply in models with endogenous discount factor

This paper studies the Friedman rule for the optimal quantity of money in money in the utility (MIU) and cash–credit models while considering two specifications for the endogenous discount factor. In the first specification, the discount factor depends directly on the utility level. In the second, the discount factor depends on every component of the utility function. We show that under the former specification the Friedman rule is the optimal policy. Under the latter, however, while the Friedman rule is optimal for the MIU model, it is not optimal for the cash–credit model.     

What moves housing markets: A variance decomposition of the rent–price ratio

We apply the dynamic Gordon growth model to the housing market in 23 US metropolitan areas, the four Census regions, and the nation from 1975 to 2007. The model allows the rent–price ratio at each date to be split into the expected present discounted values of rent growth, real interest rates, and a housing premium over real rates. We show that housing premia are variable and forecastable and account for a significant fraction of rent–price ratio volatility at the national and local levels, and that covariances among the three components damp fluctuations in rent–price ratios. Thus, explanations of house-price dynamics that focus only on interest rate movements and ignore these covariances can be misleading. These results are similar to those found for stocks and bonds.     

HEDONIC PRICE INDEXES FOR RESIDENTIAL HOUSING: A SURVEY,EVALUATION AND TAXONOMY

Every house is different. It is important that house price indexes take account of these quality differences. Hedonic methods which express house prices as a function of a vector of characteristics (such as number of bedrooms and bathrooms, land area and location) are particularly useful for this purpose. I consider here some developments in the hedonic methodology, as it is applied in a housing context, that have occurred in the last three decades. A number of hedonic house price indexes are now available. However, it is often difficult to see how these indexes relate to each other. For this reason I attempt to impose some structure on the literature by developing a taxonomy of hedonic indexes, and then show how existing indexes fit into this taxonomy. Also discussed are some promising areas for future research in the hedonic field. In particular, greater use needs to be made of spatial econometric and nonparametric methods to exploit the increased availability of geospatial data. The main criticisms of the hedonic approach are evaluated and compared with those of the repeat‐sales and stratified median methods. The overall conclusion is that the advantages of the hedonic approach outweigh its disadvantages.     

THE ‘WHO AND WHY’ OF LOTTERY: EMPIRICAL HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE SEMINAL ECONOMIC LITERATURE

Lotteries operate today in many countries around the world. This type of gambling is usually run by governments and is sometimes described as regressive. Lottery is an unfair bet, so explaining the purchase of lottery tickets by risk‐averse consumers has been a challenge for economic theory. Lotteries can be analysed from either of two economic perspectives: as a source of public revenue or as a consumer commodity. In this paper the state of economic research on lotteries is reviewed, focusing on its main empirical findings.     

土地一级开发中储备土地出让价格影响研究——以武汉市后湖地区为例

研究目的为了解武汉市后湖地区土地一级开发中基础设施投入对土地产出效益的影响,为政府的投资决策提供参考。研究方法为层次分析法和经济学研究方法。研究结果为（1）土地储备中道路设施投入对土地价格的影响最显著,权重系数为0．211;（2）随着道路设施投入的增加,土地产出效益呈先递增后递减的趋势,其影响路径符合边际报酬递减规律。研究结论为在土地一级开发中应注重道路等基础设施的投入,同时要遵循边际报酬递减规律,减少投入的盲目性,避免粗放的经营发展方式,进而控制土地储备成本,提高土地的投入产出效率。     

中国钢铁企业参与铁矿石期货市场价值研究

自从铁矿石期货交易去年在大连交易所开始后,钢铁企业都非常关注这种金融工具的运行机制以及它对企业的影响。本文结合中国的特殊环境,主要分析了铁矿石期货市场对钢铁产业的功能和作用,铁矿石期货市场能帮助钢铁企业解决什么问题;钢铁企业利用铁矿石期货市场的方法和手段,主要是帮助钢铁企业清楚地认识铁矿石期货市场的价值,利用期货市场提升企业竞争力。     

我国原油、煤炭和天然气的价格波动关系的研究——基于DCC-MVGARCH模型的实证分析

本文以原油、煤、天然气的价格收益率作为研究对象,运用DCC-MVGARCH模型,得出能源价格波动的动态相关系数,通过实证分析发现能源价格波动性的关系。结果表明,原油市场和煤炭市场波动性的动态相关系数随时间发展不断增长,原油市场和天然气市场波动性的相关系数比较稳定,煤炭市场和天然气市场波动性也比较稳定。     

浅析合理低价法投标报价策略和方法

随着市场经济体制的不断完善,恶性竞争逐渐减少。本文通过阐述合理低价法的含义及与投标报价之间的关系,以及报价策略,分析投标报价决策和清单单价报价的技巧,同时提出相应的政策建议,进而为招投标管理提供参考依据。     

Second price auctions on general preference domains: two characterizations

Auction theory usually assumes the quasi-linearity of individual preferences. We drop this assumption and define an extension of second price mechanisms that applies to general preferences. It turns out that the extended second price mechanisms are the only rules satisfying efficiency, strategy-proofness, and a mild non-imposition property. Their definition is simple just as much as the definition of usual second price mechanisms: everyone reports his maximum willingness to pay and the bidder whose reported value is highest buys the auctioned object for the price equal to the second highest reported value. The characterization is valid if efficiency is replaced by envy-freeness. I gratefully acknowledge an associate editor and two anonymous referees for their very helpful comments. Hiroki Saitoh and Shigehiro Serizawa independently obtain a result that is closely related to my main result (see, Remark in Sect. 1). I thank them for sending me the paper and communication, and Yuji Fujinaka for informing me about their work. I also thank the financial support by KAKENHI (19310031).     

中国商业银行信贷业务经营中的贷款定价问题研究

近年来中国商业银行信贷业务快速扩张势头尤为强劲,但与其相适应的信贷业务经营收益水平却未随之同步提高,由此凸现出信贷业务快速扩张背后贷款定价问题的困扰。提高中国商业银行的贷款定价能力,从而在信贷业务经营过程中,卡准信贷资金成本与收益的啮合点,做到信贷业务经营成本的可控性,提高信贷业务经营收益水平是解决困扰之选择。