促进西部省域工业企业创新的政策设计——四川省工业企业的实证分析

我国工业发展水平呈现西弱东强的格局,促进西部省域工业企业创新、加速提升其自主创新能力对于中国工业经济加快走新型工业化道路、转变经济发展方式具有现实意义。在我国现行体制下,地方政府在地区经济发展中起着举足轻重的作用,因而结合制度安排设计促进企业创新的政策,并经地方政府推动实施,以实现地区工业企业的跨越发展。在创新理论的指导下,以四川省工业企业为研究实例,在进行样本企业的问卷调查及样本企业的观测点的量化测度基础上,运用因子分析法和主成分分析法,通过实证分析找出影响西部省域工业企业自主创新能力的五个核心因素和八个重要因素。从而提出促进西部省域工业企业创新、提升其创新能力的“深化以创新为目标的制度改革”等七类二十三项政策建议。     

中国不同所有制工业企业经济发展的比较研究

基于《中国统计年鉴》（2010）的数据,采用因子分析法对中国31个省市的国有、私营、外商投资工业企业经济发展情况予以统计排序,并进行了区域内部和区域之间的比较研究。分析结果显示,各省市内部国有工业企业、私营工业企业和外商投资工业企业经济的发展存在不协调性,不同所有制工业企业在各省市的优先发展情况可以划分为六种类型;各省市之间工业企业经济的发展存在不均衡性,国有工业企业、私营工业企业和外商投资工业企业的经济发展水平符合中国区域经济东强西弱的总体特征;东、中、西部国有、私营和外商投资工业企业经济发展呈现出各自的特征：东部的国有工业企业发展相对滞后：中部的外商投资_X=lk企业发展相对缓慢;西部的内蒙古、陕西、四川的工业企业经济发展速度比较快。     

MIT全球工业联盟促进全球化产学研合作

美国麻省理工学院（MIT）的全球工业联盟（ILP）是美国高校第一个建立和开展全球产学研合作的平台,ILP实行会员注册制服务。本文结合研究MIT的产学研合作机制,综合分析MIT全球工业联盟的合作资源与服务,特别是其在中国的整体战略和最新进展。建议积极引导中国领先创新企业加盟MIT全球工业联盟,拓宽国际产学研合作渠道,深化科研领域的务实合作,实现互利共赢。     

基于产业结构调整的扩大就业政策——以云南省实证研究为例

产业结构反映了经济增长的结构,因此,产业结构调整是提高经济增长对就业拉动作用的关键。研究如何通过产业结构升级与均衡来提高经济增长对就业的拉动作用,对扩大就业具有重要的意义。本文以云南省为研究对象,利用趋势分析、结构偏差系数以及取对数线性回归的就业弹性分析等方法,根据《云南省统计年鉴》提供的样本数据,分析了产业结构、就业结构以及三次产业就业弹性的变动趋势,并从产业结构调整的视角提出了扩大就业的政策。     

Accounting for the ecosystem services of migratory species: Quantifying migration support and spatial subsidies

Migratory species support ecosystem process and function in multiple areas, establishing ecological linkages between their different habitats. As they travel, migratory species also provide ecosystem services to people in many different locations. Previous research suggests there may be spatial mismatches between locations where humans use services and the ecosystems that produce them. This occurs with migratory species, between the areas that most support the species' population viability - and hence their long-term ability to provide services - and the locations where species provide the most ecosystem services. This paper presents a conceptual framework for estimating how much a particular location supports the provision of ecosystem services in other locations, and for estimating the extent to which local benefits are dependent upon other locations. We also describe a method for estimating the net payment, or subsidy, owed by or to a location that balances benefits received and support provided by locations throughout the migratory range of multiple species. The ability to quantify these spatial subsidies could provide a foundation for the establishment of markets that incentivize cross-jurisdictional cooperative management of migratory species. It could also provide a mechanism for resolving conflicts over the sustainable and equitable allocation of exploited migratory species.     

Biological conservation in dynamic agricultural landscapes: Effectiveness of public policies and trade-offs with agricultural production

Land use change and land management intensification are major drivers of biodiversity loss, especially in agricultural landscapes, that cover a large and increasing share of the world's surface. Incentive-based agri-environmental policies are designed to influence farmers' land-use decisions in order to mitigate environmental degradation. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of agri-environmental schemes for biological conservation in a dynamic agricultural landscape under economic uncertainty. We develop a dynamic ecological economic model of agricultural land-use and spatially explicit population dynamics. We then relate policies (subsidies to grassland, taxation of agricultural intensity) to the ecological outcome (probability of persistence of a species of interest). We also analyze the associated trade-offs between agricultural production (in value) and biological conservation (in probability of persistence) at the landscape scale.     

工资对产业结构升级的影响——基于中国经济数据的分析

经济增长过程中伴随着产业结构的优化升级。工资不但可以通过工资差异激励劳动力从低效率产业向高效率产业流动,推动产业结构升级,而且可以通过改变消费结构和投资结构进而影响产业结构演变,并为产业结构升级储备高级人才。本文对中国改革开放以来的工资与产业结构的经济数据进行实证研究得出:工资与产业结构之间是正向的相关关系,且两者之间存在双向因果关系。因此,工资水平的提高在一定程度上促进了产业结构的优化升级。     

Backcasting energy futures using industrial ecology

Backcasting has been widely used for developing energy futures. This paper explores the potential for using industrial ecology to guide the development of energy futures within a backcasting framework. Building on the backcasting work of Robinson [1], a seven step method is presented to embed industrial ecology principles within the development and assessment of future scenarios and transition paths toward them. The approach is applied to the case of backcasting regional energy futures in the Latrobe Valley, near Melbourne, Australia. This region has substantial brown coal deposits which are currently mined and used in coal-fired power stations to generate electricity. Bounded by a sustainability vision for the region in a carbon-constrained world, regional industrial ecologies in 2050 were backcast around three themes: bio-industries and renewables (no coal usage); electricity from coal with carbon capture and storage (low to high coal usage); and coal to products such as hydrogen, ammonia, diesel, methanol, plastics and char (demonstrating medium to high overall coal use relative to current levels). Potential environmental, technological, socio-political and economic impacts of each scenario across various life cycle stages were characterised. Results offer a platform for regional policy development to underpin deliberation on a preferred future by the community, industry and other stakeholders. Industrial ecology principles were found to be useful in backcasting for creatively articulating alternative futures featuring industrial symbiosis. However, enabling the approach to guide implementation of sustainable transition pathways requires further development and would benefit from integration within the Strategic Sustainable Development framework of Robèrt et al. [2].     

A framework for mapping industrial emergence

The industrial landscape is becoming increasingly complex and dynamic, with innovative technologies stimulating the emergence of new applications, business models and industries. This paper presents a framework for mapping science and technology-based industrial emergence, in order to better understand the nature and characteristics of such phenomena, as a basis for improved strategy development. A full lifecycle perspective is included, emphasizing early stage phases associated with scientific and technological developments, together with key transitions between phases related to the conversion of scientific knowledge to technological capability, application, industrial activity and economic value. Roadmapping concepts are used to map industrial emergence phenomena from various perspectives that cover value creation and capture activities together with demand and supply-side factors. The framework has been tested by developing more than 25 diverse ‘emergence maps’ of historical industrial evolution, building confidence that the framework might be applicable to current and future emergence. Common characteristics of industrial emergence have been identified, including key events and milestones, focusing on a chain of demonstrators that delineate the various phases and transitions.     

中国能源消费、碳排放与工业经济增长——一个脱钩理论视角的实证分析

本文利用相对“脱钩”、“复钩”的理论与测度模型,对2000—2009年我国工业经济增长与能源消费和碳排放之间的脱钩关系进行研究。在此基础上,对脱钩评价模型进行扩展,构建了脱钩指数分解模型,对脱钩关系的影响因素作出了更为深入的分析,并指出未来工业脱钩发展措施的重点方向是在进一步提升能效技术的基础上,着力推进工业产业结构升级的步伐,提升新型低碳能源的结构比重,改善能源的生产和消费结构。