模块化与服务外包

模块化已成为服务外包产业中一种重要的发展趋势。本文比较了模块化服务外包与传统服务外包的特点,探讨了模块化背景下的服务外包产业链结构形态及服务外包产业中的治理形式及其演变。最后,从四个方面提出了模块化背景下中国服务外包产业的发展方略。     

Introduction: human resource management in Africa

This article introduces the special issue that seeks to spur the debate on the challenges of managing people in organizations in Africa. The debate on HRM in Africa has proceeded with tentative steps and now clearly needs to be located firmly within the international management context. It is not the purpose of this special issue to discover or develop an over-arching model of HRM. That has been attempted elsewhere. Our purpose is to bring together the various threads that characterize the on-going debate and hopefully move towards a more specific research agenda which captures the complexity of managing on the African continent. Some of these threads include the formulation of new perspectives on HR research, finding common ground with diverse disciplines and tackling enduring problems like ethnicity and discrimination.     

The institutional embeddedness of local inter-firm networks: a leverage for business creation

There is an increasing concern for the notion of ‘embeddedness’ of economic activity; yet the conceptualization of the concept and its operationalization remain underdeveloped. First, embeddedness may concern, on the one hand, the structure of relations that tie economic actors together (structural embeddedness) and, on the other hand, the social strands supplementing economic strands in each relation (substantive embeddedness). In this paper, a network framework is outlined which proposes several layers or ‘orders’ of embeddedness. Focusing on small firms, the point of departure is individual exchange relationships as personal ties combining economic and social concerns. First-order embeddedness concerns the localized business networks created by combining these dyadic relations. Second-order embeddedness is achieved when considering also the memberships of business persons in economic and social local institutions while third-order embeddedness concerns the special cases where these institutions bridge gaps between firms. The network model is operationalized and applied to a small Swedish industrial (furniture) community, its firms and economic/social institutions. The findings generally support the applicability of the model and demonstrate the supplementarity of different layers/orders of embeddedness. Further research challenges are deduced and implications for practitioners are provided.     

龙头企业知识溢出及集群竞争力的提升效应

产业集群已经成为区域经济发展的动力,知识溢出又是集群持续创新的最主要条件。文章主要研究了集群内龙头企业知识溢出的实现方式,并分析了知识溢出与竞争优势的两难困境,认为龙头企业可以通过集群竞争力的提升效应来克服个体在知识溢出时所造成的负效应。     

How different are the regional factors of high-tech and low-tech start-ups? Evidence from Japanese manufacturing industries

This paper analyzes regional determinants of the start-up ratio in the Japanese manufacturing sector. A major contribution of this study is the comparison between high-tech and low-tech industries. The empirical results using a sample of 253 industrial districts suggest that business density, weight of the manufacturing sector, and the average business size significantly influence the start-up ratio in both high-tech and low-tech industries. Distinct differences between these industries were found with regard to the effects of human capital, research institutes, and the weight of high-tech industries.

警惕我国企业集群发展中潜在问题

企业集群是当今区域经济发展规划的新趋势 ,引起了多学科领域学者关注。我国已经出现了一些企业集群的雏形 ,但是这些企业集群都存在不同的问题。以东莞、温州及部分的高新区为例 ,从各自的形成过程、发展轨迹等角度 ,讨论了各具特色的区域集群存在的不同性质的问题     

中国服务业碳生产率变动的差异及收敛性研究

研究目标：中国服务业碳生产率变动的差异及收敛性。研究方法：采用SBM方向性距离函数和Global Malmquist-Luenberger(GML)指数,对2004~2013年中国服务业分行业的碳生产率进行测算,并对其进行收敛性检验。研究发现：中国服务业碳生产率整体呈增长趋势,技术进步是其增长的主要因素,技术效率并没有发挥出应有的提升服务业碳生产率的作用,利用效率的改善来提高服务业碳生产率增长还有很大的空间。此外,中国服务业碳生产率并没有呈现显著的σ收敛,而绝对β收敛和条件β收敛模型研究表明,中国服务业分行业间的碳生产率总体差异正在逐步缩小。研究创新：将碳生产率的测算及收敛性研究延伸到服务业领域。研究价值：有利于低碳经济背景下服务业碳生产率的提升和节能减碳目标的实现。     

An input–output virtual laboratory in practice – survey of uptake,usage and applications of the first operational IELab

ABSTRACT

The Industrial Ecology Virtual Laboratory (IELab) is a collaborative cloud-computing platform for compiling large-scale, high-resolution, enviro-socio-economic accounts based on multi-region input–output tables and for conducting integrated sustainability assessment projects. These include, for example, assessments of biofuels and low-carbon construction materials or high-resolution waste modelling. This contribution provides a structured review of IELab applications that were published in either peer-reviewed journal papers or in the form of conference proceedings. The main research question posed is ‘What are the specific features of IELab that were used in the research and could the research have happened without them?’ It is investigated whether the IELab has actually and truly enabled new research. A detailed analysis of IELab characteristics and their usage is presented. The results can help with the design of new research projects and inform existing and prospective users of the IELab about the options for academic research and practical applications.     

基础宽厚、特色明晰的工业设计人才培养体系探讨

文章围绕学校实行学分制以后,如何能兼顾体系性教学与开放式教学二者的优点,为最终形成"基础宽厚、特色明晰"的工业设计人才培养提供基础这一问题进行了探讨。     

基于蚁群算法的双线铁路列车运行调整研究

将列车运行调整问题归并为大规模job shop调度问题,借助引入的列车路径矩阵、列车通过顺序矩阵,构建了双线铁路列车运行调整的优化模型。针对模型解空间大、约束条件复杂的特点,提出了先利用蚁群算法优化列车铺画顺序,后运用极大代数法安排列车到发时刻的求解方法。仿真试验表明,算法的效率和稳定性可以很好的满足行车调度指挥的要求。