Under what institutional conditions does overseas business knowledge contribute to firm performance?

We examine the extent to which the impact of the overseas business knowledge transferred by returnee entrepreneurs on firm performance is conditional on institutional factors. The findings show that informal institutional differences between the home and host countries strengthen the positive impact of overseas business knowledge on the performance of returnee-founded firms. There is a complementarity between informal institutional differences and local government policy support which jointly enhance the positive impact of overseas business knowledge. However, a well-developed local business infrastructure substitutes for the impact of informal institutional differences on the relationship between overseas business knowledge and returnee venture performance.     

基于扎根理论的西部物流集群中横向物流协同制约因素及作用机制研究——以五省市为例

物流集群是物流业降本增效的重要形式,本质是其内部相互竞争的企业之间的物流协同。但企业在开展协同活动时,却受到诸多制约因素的影响。文章通过对中国西部7个大型物流集群的管理方、企业代表以及相关的政府官员、专家、学者等进行半结构化深度访谈。借助扎根理论研究方法进行编码分析,构建出由“协同环境”“合作伙伴”“信任”“信息系统”四个主范畴共同构成的“横向物流协同制约因素”模型,并编织故事线,说明它们之间的逻辑关系。制约因素“作用机制”模型揭示了上述制约因素在计划、实施和评估阶段的内在联系与相互影响。在此基础上,针对性地提出相应对策与建议,以便消除阻力,推动协同,促进物流集群的发展和中国西部物流业的转型升级。     

Trust-building processes in tourist coopetition: The case of a Polish region

This study examines the role of trust in establishing collaboration between two individual competing tourism firms. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by investigating how various trust-building processes influence dyadic coopetition in five municipalities in Poland. The literature suggests eight different trust-building mechanisms at various levels of analysis and collaborative endeavors. Our results indicate four processes important to start dyadic coopetition, which are based on: calculation, emotional bond, reputation and embeddedness in social networks. Our findings also show that if trust based on calculation is not reported, then even several trust-building processes combined do not lead to coopetition. Moreover, trust does not appear as a homogenous concept, and different trust-building processes do generate different effects. The results show that trust may play both positive and negative roles in coopetition formation.     

非正式制度对研究生学术水平影响的实证研究

研究生学术水平受正式制度约束,也受包括校园文化、学术道德规范和指导模式等非正式制度影响。经调查表明,校风、教风和学风以及学科建设氛围对研究生学术认同度的提高、学术理想的树立产生间接而深远的影响。指导模式直接影响研究生学术努力行为,是研究生提高学术水平的重要途径。研究生学术水平评价应以建立学术认同和遵守学术道德规范为前提,否则将会导致研究生学术行为的异化。     

论我国劳动关系契约化中的正式约束与非正式约束

由于我国社会习俗、文化、价值观等非正式约束与正式约束的不匹配,导致《劳动合同法》的实施效果不尽如人意,这些非正式约束的限制主要表现在:关系经济降低了正式劳动合约的作用;集体主义制约了正式契约关系的拓展;等级制不利于建立平等的劳动契约关系;人治不利于劳动契约按法律的手段有效实施。正式制度只有在与非正式制度相容的情况下才能发挥作用,我国劳动关系契约化中正式约束与非正式约束不相适应会带来一些问题,主要表现在:它将影响我国社会从身份到契约的进程;影响我国《劳动合同法》的实施及其效果;它使劳动合同的作用难以发挥。     

Quantifying Sources of Risk in Global Food Operations and Supply Chain

The food industry plays a significant role in food supply. However, it is increasingly facing a significant number of risks to tackle. This article provides insight into sources and quantification of risk, which can restrict food operations and supply chain performance. Certainly, risks imposed by today's constantly changing global environment makes it imperative for food and agribusiness firms to develop purposeful proactive and predictive risk management for their global supply chains. We proposed the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model to analyze sources of risks attached to the focal firm's global food operations and supply chain. The identified risks were from a review of relevant literature, expert opinions from the focal firm supply chain C‐level executive, and consultants in the food industry. We grouped the identified risks into seven categories and discussed the risk mitigation strategies. We validated the proposed model using a case study involving a focal food and agribusiness firm with global presence. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

企业技术合作、知识基础与技术创新绩效关系研究——基于中国电子信息行业的实证分析

通过分析56家代表性企业的专利数据发现,在中国电子信息这个高新技术行业,企业间技术合作对其创新绩效存在显著促进作用,技术合作强度每增加一个单位,企业研发产出增加1.01%。此外,这种正向关系受到企业知识基础结构特征的调节。知识基础广度与一致性对技术合作强度与企业技术创新绩效之间的正向关系具有显著的负向调节效应,而企业知识基础深度则对两者关系具有显著的正向调节作用。     

协同创新网络、人才集聚效应与创新绩效关系研究

协同创新网络和人才集聚效应是影响创新绩效的重要因素,但已有文献很少对协同创新网络、人才集聚效应与创新绩效之间关系的影响机理和作用路径进行研究。基于太原市168家科技型企业的问卷调查数据,运用相关分析、多元回归和中介效应检验等方法验证了协同创新网络、人才集聚效应与创新绩效之间的关系。研究结果表明：协同创新网络对人才集聚效应具有显著正向影响,协同创新网络对创新绩效具有显著正向影响,人才集聚效应对创新绩效具有显著正向影响,人才集聚效应在协同创新网络对创新绩效的影响中起部分中介作用。     

专利池重复联盟能否减少合作伙伴间专利诉讼

专利池内企业存在合作竞争现象,专利池重复联盟能否减少合作伙伴之间的专利诉讼？基于合作竞争理论,引入联盟学习观点,分析专利池内企业之间专利诉讼的影响机理,并以MPEGLA公司12个专利池内64家企业数据作为样本,运用负二项回归模型实证检验专利池重复联盟次数、探索式合作水平、联盟学习强度对池内成员企业之间专利诉讼的影响。结果发现：探索式合作水平提高,降低了企业对池内其它企业专利诉讼强度;重复联盟次数越多、联盟学习强度越大,企业对池内其它企业发起专利诉讼的行为就越严重。研究结论在理论上可为专利池提供新的分析视角,在实践上可为企业实施专利联盟战略、有效运用并防范专利诉讼提供重要参考与借鉴。     

To elevate or to duplicate? Experiential learning,host-country institutions,and MNE post-entry commitment increase

A multinational enterprise’s (MNE) decision to commit more resources to a host country operation is a key aspect of internationalization. MNEs can change their foreign operation mode in several ways in order to increase host-country commitment after initial entry, but existing theory on mode changes provides little guidance on what drives MNEs to increase commitment in a certain way over another. In this paper, we differentiate between mode duplication, whereby an MNE replicates an existing operation mode in a host country, and mode elevation, whereby an MNE establishes a new, different mode of operation either in lieu of or in addition to an existing one. We subsequently leverage learning theory to argue that both deeper international experience and broader international experience increase the likelihood of implementing a mode elevation rather than a mode duplication due to the higher complexity of the former. We further argue that these relationships are not uniform across different levels of host-country institutional quality. We test our hypotheses in a primary dataset of 80 Austrian MNEs implementing 527 mode changes while internationalizing into 21 countries in Central and Eastern Europe over 24 years, and find support for our theory. Overall, this study contributes to the international business literature on mode changes by offering theory and evidence regarding the drivers of whether an MNE increases foreign commitment by establishing a new operation mode or by duplicating an existing one in a host country.