Environmental influences on corporate entrepreneurship: executive perspectives on the internet

This paper focuses on the likelihood of firms adopting corporate entrepreneurship in response to the challenges and opportunities presented by a change in their business environment shaped by the growth of the Internet. We further examined if firms are willing to modify their existing systems in response to such a change. We also investigated the paths or modes of entrepreneurship that firms would adopt when they perceive being entrepreneurial to be a viable response in light of a specific change in their business environment. Finally, we identified the impediments that firms may need to overcome when adopting corporate entrepreneurship. Results based on the data from senior executives lend support to our hypotheses. Managerial implications of the results are discussed.     

Informal Credit,Usury, or Support? A Case Study for Vietnam

The informal credit market remains an important source of finance for the poor in Vietnam. Yet, little if anything is known about the impact of informal loans on poverty and inequality, and the Vietnamese government has no policies towards the informal credit market. In the present study paper, we found that the effect of credit from friends and relatives on per capita expenditure is positive but not statistically significant. Meanwhile, the effect of credit from private moneylenders on per capita expenditure is positive and statistically significant. Borrowing from private moneylenders increases per capita expenditure of households by around 15%. Further, it reduced the poverty incidence of borrowers by around 8.5 percentage points in 2006 and significantly decreases the poverty gap index and the poverty‐severity index. Borrowing from private moneylenders also reduces expenditure inequality, albeit at a very small magnitude.     

非正式机制在预防犯罪中的应用

我国重视采取正式机制来预防犯罪，却忽视了非正式机制预防犯罪的重要作用，与此相应的是犯罪愈来愈成为难以解决的社会问题。单纯依靠正式机制很难有效地抑制犯罪行为的发生，而非正式机制在这方面则有着难以估量的作用。在犯罪预防中应重视对非正式机制的运用，主要从加强传统文化教育、注重利用媒体介质、加强道德教育等方面入手。     

International market selection strategies of manufacturing and services firms

This paper discusses the entrepreneurial landscape in Africa and locates a new generation of African entrepreneurs and their business networks within it. Unlike others in that landscape (i.e. micro- or small-scale informal sector vendors, and traditional or multinational large-scale formal sector firms), the ‘new generation’ entrepreneurs are business globalists who organized a system of business enterprise networks consisting of national, regional, and pan-African organizations. The study analyses interview data from 57 men and women network members from 10 countries (Botswana, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe). Some defining characteristics of these entrepreneurs are interactive social and business relationships, use of modern management methods and information technology, trust among fellow members, transparent business practices, advocacy on behalf of the private sector, and commitment to increasing intra-African commerce. Their mission is to improve the climate for private sector business in Africa and to promote regional economic integration. They pursue cross-national commercial ventures, maintain official observer status at established regional economic organizations, sign memoranda of understanding with multilateral agencies, establish venture capital funds, and help to change government policies. The paper identifies characteristics of the ‘new generation’ entrepreneurs, evaluates goals and achievements of their networks, and concludes that despite limitations, these entrepreneurs and their organizations have created intra- and cross-national networks that strengthen private-sector-led economic growth in Africa.     

面向社会网络的团队间创业协同关系结构与效应研究

在多团队创业协同构成的开放式创新关系中，团队间依托社会网络衍生出的松散、去中心及非系统合作问题普遍存在，关注该协同关系的结构与效应能为探究少数占据结构洞优势团队的关联结构、能力延展及策略均衡问题提供崭新视角。通过解析少数占优团队在创业过程中的资源边界拓展、学习型改造与竞合优势转换等问题，从社会网络在节点、节点间、节点关系聚合层面形成的协同能力、角色与位势3个维度，归纳剖析团队间创业协同能力、角色与知识位势的网络构成，梳理提炼其呈现的合作网络边界扩张、协同策略结构性变革及部分要素外部效用突破性涌现效应。与快速协作响应、持续冲突协调及共同绩效相关的结论能为认识“开创事业”导向下松散合作关系中的知识/角色/能力差序作用格局提供分析框架，对评价与优化非全要素创新或非全过程创业中优势主体间的交互治理具有参考价值。     

Urban informal sector and poverty

Many studies have explored the connection between trade and poverty theoretically and empirically for the developing world. We offer another look at the possible implications of trade liberalization on urban poverty by using the urban informal sector as a catalyst. The theory shows that trade liberalization in the import competing sector raises informal wage across occupational types, and expands production and employment in the informal industrial segment. Further, using Indian provincial data on wage, capital stock and value added in the informal sector we show that real informal wage increased with trade reform and transmitted favorable impact on urban poverty reduction.     

工程项目合作管理定性指标体系的构建与分析

有效的合作管理是获得成功合作的关键.建立在国内外相关研究成果以及专家访谈基础上的合作管理定性指标筛选问卷,对62个工程项目的186名项目参与者进行了调查,利用因子分析和判别分析方法得到的业主、承包方以及监理获得成功合作的有效因子,作为合作管理的定性指标的来源.经检验,指标体系满足信度与效度要求.     

Market-driving versus market-driven: Divergent roles of market orientation in business relationships

This study focuses on market orientation (MO) and customer intimacy (CI) in business-to-business marketing. These are generally regarded as key success factors in marketing. The authors argue, however, that the relationship between MO and customer relationship has not been properly examined, nor has its dependence on a firm's strategic market posture been understood. A contingency framework is proposed to test the postulated relationships between the key constructs. Our results indicate a strong positive association between MO and CI. Furthermore, this linkage is clearly influenced by the market focus and business logic adopted. In managerial terms, business executives must carefully match the strategic posture of the firm, its MO, and customer relationship management (CRM). Our findings strongly support a contingency modeling approach in studying the factors underlying marketing performance in business markets.