Institutions,assortative matching and cultural evolution

This paper studies the role of institution in a Darwinian evolutionary process of cultural selection. The primary function of an institution is to determine how citizens in a society are matched pairwisely to interact. We examine three different types of institutions: utilitarian, egalitarian, and Nash. Two cultural types stand out in the long run through the evolutionary process. The opportunistic cultural type maximizes individual payoff against another opportunistic cultural type, while the civic-minded cultural type maximizes the total payoff of a pair. We show that the structure of the underlying interactions among citizens plays a critical role. On the one hand, the evolutionary stability of the civic-minded cultural type requires supermodularity of the citizens’ payoff function under the utilitarian institution and log-supermodularity in addition under the Nash institution. On the other hand, the evolutionary stability of the opportunistic cultural type requires submodularity of the citizens’ payoff function under the utilitarian institution and log-submodularity under the Nash institution. Neither type’s evolutionary stability is guaranteed under the egalitarian institution.     

中国城市农民工社会资本现状分析及解决途径

我国城市农民工处于城市边缘地带，社会资本占有贫乏。造成这种状况既有制度原因、城市居民的价值观念原因，亦有农民工自身的原因。我们应改变制度，改变城市居民价值观念，提高农民工综合素质，加快发展经济和加快城市化建设以增加城市农民工的补偿资本。     

The shading and distancing of commerce: When internalization is not enough

A political economy of degradation and of sustainability should account not only for the full range of production costs but the sources of those costs. It should consider how the pursuit of wealth can, deliberately or not, lead to uncounted costs and unaccountable actors. This article explores the conditions of cost generation and externalization, especially those that are largely unintended and inadvertent. It shows how the pursuit of wealth, the expansion of markets, the mobility of capital, and the entanglements of production processes can lead to the unwitting generation and displacement of costs. It analyzes competitive business strategy and patterns of production and consumption for their contribution to such costs. Business strategy and state policy tend to create a never-ending search for frontiers, however simulated and however unecological they may be. The costs generated in those frontiers are a function of shading, that is, obscuring of costs, and distancing, the separation of production and consumption decisions, both of which impede ecological and social feedback and create cognitive, institutional, and ethical lags between initial benefits and eventual full costs. As distance increases along dimensions of geography, culture, bargaining power, or agency, negative feedback loops are severed, stakeholders expand while decision making contracts, environmental problems are displaced, and shading and cost externalization increase. The likelihood of sustainable resource use increases as distance is lowered, as institutions locate decision authority in those who receive negative ecological feedback and who have the capacity and incentives to act on that feedback, and as the burden of proof for economic interventions shifts to the interveners.     

银行金融服务外包国际监管的比较研究

全球金融机构逐渐将原先自行承担的业务转交外包服务提供商完成,在这种情况下,金融机构如何控制业务的风险,如何知道自己的业务符合监管的要求是迫切需要解决的问题。本文首先分析金融服务外包所带来的风险,进而对世界上10个国家和地区的监管法律法规进行比较研究,并得出相应的政策建议。希望本文的研究结果能够对我国制定金融服务外包指引提供值得借鉴的经验。     

产学研联合体利益分配机制研究

利益驱动是产学研联合体构建的根本动力,建立高效合理的利益分配机制关系产学研联合体的稳定和发展。论文重点阐述了建立产学研联合体利益分配机制的理论基础,以此为基础探讨了产学研联合体利益分配机制相应的制度安排。     

杂交水稻科研质量管理体系及组织机构设计研究

杂交水稻科学研究属于农业基础研究工作,质量管理体系建设是推动科技创新的可靠保障。依据杂交水稻科研的特点,在全面质量管理理论指导下,建立了杂交水稻科研质量管理体系框架,设计了杂交水稻科研质量管理的运行机制,探讨和分析了杂交水稻科研质量管理机构的建设。     

社交指数、风险倾向与创业

创业不仅是经济持续增长的动力,也是新常态下我国经济增长方式转变的重要源泉。从个人社交指数和风险倾向着手,分析其对个人创业的影响,同时考虑政府干预、市场成熟度和产权保护水平对社交指数和风险倾向与创业之间的调节作用,并将个人特质和区域因素作为控制变量纳入分析框架,运用CGSS 3年的数据进行实证分析。结果表明,个人社交指数对创业具有正向影响,个人风险倾向对创业的影响存在区域异质性。在农村地区,个人风险倾向对创业活动具有正向影响,即风险倾向越高,创业概率越大;而在城镇,个人风险倾向对创业的影响为负。在制度环境层面,政府干预和市场成熟度对创业具有负向影响,产权保护水平与创业之间存在“倒U型”关系,制度环境对社交指数与创业之间的关系具有调节作用,较高政府干预力度和较低市场成熟度使社交指数与创业负相关,而产权保护水平的调节作用则较弱;制度环境对风险倾向的调节作用较弱。     

从交易费用看农村信用社的制度选择--为合作制正名

从交易费用的角度看,合作制对于降低农村信贷市场交易费用具有明显的优势,是一种适合我国当前农村经济实际的金融产权制度.而我国农信社之所以问题严重,是在于目前的合作制是一种变异的合作制,以及建立在这种变异合作制之上的不合理的治理结构,导致了运行中较高的交易费用.文章提出,真正落实合作制才是农信社改革的方向,只有这样才能为农户提供一个融资便利的机制,使农信社服务于"三农",促进农村经济的发展.     

资本市场变迁及运行效率相关研究评析

资本市场变迁及运行效率是中外学者研究的重点，形成了许多理论流派，其中信息空间理论为资本市场制度变迁提供了新的分析框架。同时，中国资本市场正处在发展建设之中，亟需有效的理论指导其发展。然而，中国资本市场的不完备性和特殊性导致诸多理论的应用存在局限性。而信息是各理论流派研究的核心，只是角度和侧重点不同，故信息空间理论可为研究资本市场变迁和制度选择提供新的研究思路。     

人力资本理性配置的制度因素分析

本文通过建立人力资本理性配置与经济增长间的关系模型,得出结论:低人力资本者和高人力资本者都可能成为价值侵蚀者.只有个体将知识和人力次本更多地配置到价值创造的生产性领域时,才能在降低增长成本而实现个人财富"理性增长"基础上实现整个社会经济的"和谐增长".本文的政策含义是:粗放型经济增长的根源在于"掠夺性激励制度"激发了人的"掠夺性侵蚀行为",如何纠正激励性制度偏差,降低价值侵蚀行为效率是实现成本节约基础上长期经济增长的关键.