论施工组织设计与工程造价

建筑施工企业要想在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地，提高生存能力和竞争力，不但要具有雄厚的施工实力，而且还要拥有较高的施工管理水平和组织能力。文章从施工企业投标的角度，论述怎样优化施工方案。积极响应业主招标文件编制先进科学、投标报价合理、业主易于接受的投标文件。     

党组织参与公司治理对企业技术创新的影响

创新是引领发展的第一动力。党组织参与公司治理已成为我国企业公司治理的一大特色。以2013—2020年中国A股上市公司作为研究对象，对其技术创新的阶段进行划分，主要包括成果转化以及技术开发两阶段。并从这两个角度出发，考察党组织参与公司治理在创新的两个阶段与企业技术创新之间的关系。     

NGOs and the creation of value in supply chains

Research Summary: Firms and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) often collaborate to establish new supply chains. With a formal model, we analyze how NGOs can alleviate market failures and improve supplier economic inclusion while strategically interacting with firms. We account for the specific goals of the NGO and the need to induce collaboration between firms and their suppliers. The analysis reveals a “valley of frustration,” when NGO efforts benefit all actors but only marginally the firm. We also show that more powerful firms might prefer to internalize NGO functions, while firms with lower bargaining power and higher investment requirements are better off collaborating with NGOs. Finally, we study NGOs-firms matching patterns and find that firms with higher bargaining power match with NGOs holding stronger capabilities. Managerial Summary: This article analyzes interactions between firms and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) aiming to improve the economic inclusion of suppliers or to promote the adoption of specific (e.g., sustainable) practices. For firm executives, this study shows the constraints and benefits associated with working with NGOs, the conditions under which integration of NGO functions is preferable as well as the types of NGOs that offer better prospects for a successful collaboration. For NGO executives, it highlights the need to provide enough economic incentives to firms and suppliers alike to ensure their collaboration and the trade-offs associated with this constraint, in particular, if NGO capabilities are limited. Overall, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of how NGO activities can influence value creation in a vertical value chain.     

制约与优化:城市基层社会组织制度环境的政府因素分析

制度环境形塑着城市基层社会组织的发展。有效制度供给不足、价值取向偏差是制约当前我国基层城市社会组织发展的主要政府因素。优化城市基层社会组织的制度环境,应端正官员态度,明确政府责任;改革社会组织管理制度,完善相关法律法规,加大培育扶持力度。     

For Better or worse: Organizational turnaround in New York City schools

The performance of public organizations has become a more salient issue as the popularity of accountability policies has grown. Though organizations are often defined as underperforming, little is known about the effectiveness of various strategies commonly recommended for agency turnaround. This study provides a large-N test of three common categories of turnaround mechanisms – retrenchment, repositioning, and reorganization – in nearly 300 failing New York City schools between 2008 and 2011. Models show that none of the three turnaround strategies appear to be significantly associated with improvements in core organizational performance from an administrative perspective, although repositioning appears to improve client satisfaction.     

The internet as an opportunity to rethink the role of the intermediary

The advent of the Internet and the attending increase in the value chain inter‐linking has been understood as a harbinger of the death of the intermediary. This paper uses Williamson's (1975) forms of specificity (human‐, site and physical asset‐specificity) and the components of the traditional value proposition (content, context and infrastructure) to suggest that the function of the intermediary will be changed, but not eliminated. In this discussion, I draw on the cases of Volvo and Electrolux. Both companies have recently launched web sites in order to regain control of the interface with customers, or context, which thanks to the Internet, can now be virtualised. This allows their intermediaries to focus on their specific advantage, namely handling the activities related to the delivery and logistic infrastructure. The main implication for firms is to re‐examine the various steps along their value chains with a view to bringing in‐house, virtually, those components where the intermediaries had specific advantages‐but which moved to the producer's side as a result of the Internet. Hence intermediaries acquire a more specific and focused role. To the extent that this role lies at the heart of their core competence, involving the provision of convenient locational and infrastructural delivery systems and services they enjoy competitive advantage vis‐a‐vis the producer.     

The Benefits and Barriers Associated with the Use of the Internet Within the Non-Profit Sector

ABSTRACT

In the last few decades, advances in new information technologies in general and the adoption of the Internet in particular have attracted the attention of many academics and practitioners alike. Much of current research, however, is focused on for-profit organizations, and less emphasis has been placed on other organizational contexts, such as the non-profit sector. The purpose of this article is to analyze the attitude of NPO managers towards the Internet, the extent to which non-profit organizations are adopting this information technology and the perceived benefits and obstacles associated with its use. A sample of three hundred and ninety two non-profit organizations in Portugal was examined. The statistical analysis indicated that the existence of a favorable attitude towards the Internet was positively correlated with the perception of Internet benefit dimensions. Conversely, the study found no empirical evidence linking perceived Internet benefits with the various NPO fields of activity. The article concludes with a series of limitations and implications for both theory and practice.     

What are the Capital Structure Determinants for Tax‐Exempt Organizations?

I study the determinants of capital structure in the absence of tax incentives. I find that debt use is positively related to asset tangibility, growth, and size, and negatively related to age, liquidity, and profitability. Tax‐exempt sector‐specific findings indicate that debt is also positively related to the efficacy of state laws against the misuse of assets and to the percentage of decision makers that are paid and negatively related to decision‐maker compensation and to charitable contributions. Religious organizations most commonly borrow from internal sources, those in education use tax‐exempt bonds, while human services organizations use mortgages and notes payable.     

基层党组织在化解社会矛盾和处置突发事件中的作用研究

研究和探索基层党组织建设的新路子、新模式,强化党组织化解各类社会矛盾和处理突发性事件的能力,是企业提高经济效益、实现科学发展及和谐发展至关重要的组织保证。文章以南宁市交易场三楼商场党组织的实际工作案例,分析企业党组织在化解社会矛盾和处置突发事件过程中如何更好地发挥主力军作用,并从思想教育、组织建设、制度建设等方面入手,创新活动载体,紧紧抓住群众路线的工作核心,发挥基层党组织的战斗堡垒作用和党员的维稳核心作用,实现早发现、早疏导、早化解,使矛盾纠纷化解在基层。