国际贸易实务课程改革之研究

国际贸易实务课程是财经类高校国际贸易专业的主干课程,它具有很强的理论综合性和实践操作性。然而,传统的教学模式忽视了国际贸易实务课程的实践性特点,因此,对国际贸易课程进行全方位的改革势在必行。     

国际能源安全策略分析——从比较的角度

随着国际局势的日益紧张,各国的国际利益链条更加复杂化,能源更是在这一链条中扮演着重要的角色。能源战略和能源政策的科学制定和实施,不仅关系到一国国内的经济发展和国防安全,也极大地影响着一国在世界舞台中的国际地位,因此,研究国际能源战略确有必要。本文首先分析了中国目前的能源现状,通过比较研究不同国家的能源战略和能源政策,为中国能源战略和能源安全政策的进一步科学化提出了建议。     

A Functional Approach to International Channel Structure and the Role of Independent Wholesalers

The functional approach to the design of marketing channels has a long history in the marketing literature. In more recent years, the functional approach has been all but forgotten as the transactions cost approach has come into fashion. Yet, the functional approach offers severl significant advantages over transactions cost analysis, especially when the number of functions is condensed. Using a succint summary of the functions, produced through factor analysis, this paper examines the relationship between the functional performance capabilities of U.S. wholesalers used in the channel structure of foreign manufacturers. A statistically significant relationship was found, thus providing evidence of the role of functions in determining channel structure.     

Understanding Trade Balances and Reciprocity in Global Telecom Between Asia and the United States (1984–2000)

ABSTRACT

From 1982 to 1997, the balance of trade deficit for U.S. telecommunications services increased tenfold. In the years since that time, the increase became less dramatic and eventually began to decline due to global deregulation and privatization efforts, as well as to multilateral agreements forged by most major countries. The countries of Asia contributed greatly to this increase and have also been examples of the reversal of the balance of trade deficit in recent years. Our analysis identifies partner reciprocity as a core issue of the international long-distance industry. We integrate various literature streams to better understand the issue of international reciprocity in service industries. Furthermore, we identify the trends in global telecom that explain the historical imbalanced reciprocity period between 1984 and 1997 and the more recent period where a more balanced reciprocity has existed between the United States and the Asian region.     

Valuation impact of currency crises: Evidence from the ADR market

This study analyzes American depository receipts (ADR) performance surrounding the outbreak of major currency crises during the past decade. By employing event-study methodologies and multifactor pricing models, we find that the outbreak of a currency crisis is accompanied by a negatively significant abnormal return for the corresponding ADRs, even after controlling for variations in exchange rates. We also find significant upward shifts in the exchange rate exposure of ADRs when the home currency is switched from a “pegging” to a “floating” exchange rate regime. In addition, ADR-originating firms with larger sizes, greater proportions of U.S. market activities, and greater market liquidity have relatively less negative abnormal returns (ARs) and less significant upward shifts in currency exposure, implying that such firms are relatively better hedged against currency crises.     

Firm characteristics and selection of international accounting software

We report the results of a survey of international U.S. companies focused on the selection of international accounting software. We investigate the relationships among firm characteristics (size and degree of internationalization), international features of accounting software (multicurrency, multireporting, and multilingual), and general selection criteria (support and security, hardware and operating platforms, and flexibility and cost). We find that firms’ reported preferences for international features differ depending on size and degree of internationalization. However, the relationship between firm characteristics and general selection criteria is not significant. The implication from our results is that firm characteristics should be an important consideration in the selection and design of international accounting software.     

Convergence with IFRS in an expanding Europe: progress and obstacles identified by large accounting firms’ survey

The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) acquired greater legitimacy and stature when the European Union (EU) decided to require all listed companies to prepare consolidated accounts based on International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) beginning in 2005. This study examines the progress and perceived impediments to convergence in 17 European countries directly affected by the EU's decision. These include: (1) the 10 new EU member countries, (2) EU candidate countries, (3) European Economic Area (EEA) countries, and (4) Switzerland. We utilize data collected by the six largest international accounting firms during their 2002 convergence survey. Additionally, we analyze subsequent events and studies.While all surveyed countries will either require or effectively allow listed companies to prepare consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS by 2005, few are expected to require IFRS for non-listed companies. This suggests the development of a “two-standard” system. The two most significant impediments to convergence identified by the survey appear to be the complicated nature of particular IFRS (including financial instruments) and the tax-orientation of many national accounting systems. Other barriers to convergence include underdeveloped national capital markets, insufficient guidance on first-time application of IFRS, and limited experience with certain types of transactions (e.g. pensions).     

Financial crises and reform of the international financial system

Between December 1994 and March 1999, Mexico, Thailand, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Russia and Brazil experienced major financial crises, which were associated with massive recessions and extreme movements of exchange rates. Similar crises have threatened Turkey and Argentina (2000 and 2001) and most recently Brazil (again). This article discusses the reform of the international financial system with a focus on the role of the IMF—reforms directed at crisis prevention, and those intended to improve the responses to crises. The article concludes with an appraisal of what has been achieved, and what remains to be done to make the international financial system safer. JEL no. E5, E6, F3, F4, G1     

The compatibility of multicurrency accounting with functional currency accounting

In today's high-tech and global economy, this study introduces multicurrency accounting as an effective tool to manage resources and compares its reporting capabilities with current generally accepted accounting principles. Further, it proposes a means to integrate multicurrency accounting into internal reporting and external reporting as supplemental disclosures. Multicurrency accounting has the merit of reflecting the true exposure position of each hard currency, in addition to the dollar-based consolidated financial statement. It lends itself readily to mark-to-market accounting; its application for external reporting is foreseeable in the near future.     

International migration,economic policy and human capital accumulation: a simulation study

"This paper examines the economic policy implications of international migration and human capital accumulation within a dynamic general equilibrium model. Each country produces by means of physical and human capital of two types (skilled and unskilled labour). Along optimal growth paths in a world of diverging population growth rates immigration can only be beneficial when the free rider effect (i.e., not paying for training costs) exceeds the capital dilution effect of an increase in population growth. Under quite general conditions the optimal immigration rate is zero."