Inventory control in a two-echelon dual-channel supply chain with setup of production and delivery

This paper considers a two-echelon dual-channel supply chain model with setup of production and delivery and develops a new inventory control policy for the supply chain. Previously, a two-echelon supply chain model without setup of production and delivery is considered and a one-for-one inventory control policy is applied to the supply chain. In the inventory control policy, production is stopped when the warehouse inventory reaches the upper limit and is started again immediately after the inventory drops below the limit. Moreover, delivery to the retailer is stopped when the store inventory reaches the upper limit and is started again immediately after the inventory drops below the limit. The total cost that consists of inventory holding costs and lost sales cost is considered, and setup costs are not considered in the total cost. Once setup costs are introduced, the one-for-one inventory control policy is no longer appropriate. Then, this paper develops a new control policy for the two-echelon dual-channel supply chain with setup of production and delivery. As performance measure, the total cost that consists of inventory holding costs, lost sales cost, and production and delivery setup costs is considered, and the total cost calculated on the basis of Markov analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed control policy.     

Coordinating a one-warehouse N-retailer distribution system under retailer-reporting

We consider a distribution system consisting of a System Administrator (SA) and N retailers managed under dynamic allocation and static routing policies. We study the system under two scenarios: (a) the up-to-date information scenario, under which the SA has access to the inventory levels at the retailers in real time and makes the replenishment and allocation decisions based on these information, aiming to minimize total supply chain cost; (b) the retailer-reporting scenario, under which the SA makes the replenishment and allocation decisions based on the information reported by the retailers. Under the retailer-reporting scenario, the retailers compete against each other by reporting their inventory levels falsely to get the desired allocations, which minimize the retailers’ expected cost. For N=2 retailers, we show that, in general, reporting truthfully does not minimize either retailer's expected cost/cycle over their respective replenishment/allocation cycles, and that the sum of the retailers' expected cost/cycle is strictly greater than in the up-to-date information scenario. We then show that by including a particular transfer-payment between the two retailers, truth-telling is a Bayesian equilibrium, and that the same system expected cost/period as in up-to-date information scenario can be achieved.     

优化我国出口商品结构必须提高劳动资本存量

当全球金融危机导致各国对外贸易严重衰退时,我国在国际出口市场的地位不降反升。然而我国要尽快实现从贸易大国向贸易强国的转化,必须解决出口商品结构升级的问题。本文选取我国1990-2008年数据为样本,通过建立资本技术密集型产品出口额占比与劳均资本存量的线性回归模型和误差修正模型,实证分析后的结论显示:劳均资本存量的提高对促进我国出口商品结构的优化升级具有显著的促进作用。     

库存管理实证研究

库存是制造业和服务业都经常面临的问题,库存管理是生产管理的一个重要内容。库存管理的好坏对提高库存系统的服务水平、降低成本、提高企业的经济效益等都十分重要。     

浅析病案信息在保险理赔中的利用

病案资料在保险理赔中具有重要的作用,分析病案信息资料在保险理赔利用过程中存在的问题,探讨通过提高保险理赔人员的医学素质、职业责任感、促进医疗机构与保险机构合作,可以加强病案信息的利用,提升保险理赔水平。     

行业的存货投资研究——基于经济“后危机”时代面板数据的实证分析

关于存货的研究在我国还并不成熟,前人大多是研究宏观经济与存货的波动关系,本文首先利用月度的采购经理人指数（PMI）从生产者角度分产成品存货和原材料存货进行H-P滤波分析,发现产成品与增长呈逆周期波动,原材料与增长呈顺周期波动;随后,细分行业分析增长与存货投资的波动关系,利用面板数据建立变系数模型,通过模型的系数可以观察行业存货的周期性,并通过P值的显著性划分出存货敏感型,产成品敏感型与原材料敏感型行业,同时结合存货的比重划分出高存货行业和敏感型行业,为行业的发展提供参考依据.     

大兴安岭被子植物新资料

报道了大兴安岭2个新分布种：四叶重楼（Paris quadri-folia）;芹叶牛儿苗（Erodium cicutarium）。     

An intertemporal analysis of expenditure elasticities under three expenditure specifications for Sri Lanka

Household income has been identified as one of the major determinants of demand for household goods. In addition, other household characteristics, such as household size and composition are also found to be important factors that influence household consumption decisions. This study, using four waves (2006/07, 2009/10, 2012/13 and 2016) of Sri Lankan Household Income and Expenditure Survey data, estimates three different specifications (namely, household expenditure, per-capita expenditure and expenditure per equivalent adult) of a complete system of Box-Cox Engel curves to incorporate household size and compositional differences into the model specification. A comparison of elasticity estimates across the three specifications indicates that amongst the three, the best performing model is the one utilizing household expenditure. An intertemporal analysis of expenditure elasticities indicates that although the magnitude of expenditure elasticities has changed, the necessity or luxury classification of household commodities has mostly remained unchanged for the period 2006 ? 2016 in Sri Lanka.     

Optimal Monetary Policy in a Model of Money and Credit

We investigate the extent to which monetary policy can enhance the functioning of the private credit system. Specifically, we characterize the optimal return on money in the presence of credit arrangements. There is a dual role for credit: it allows buyers to trade without fiat money and also permits them to borrow against future income. However, not all traders have access to credit. As a result, there is a social role for fiat money because it allows agents to self‐insure against the risk of not being able to use credit in some transactions. We consider a (nonlinear) monetary mechanism that is designed to enhance the credit system. An active monetary policy is sufficient for relaxing credit constraints. Finally, we characterize the optimal monetary policy and show that it necessarily entails a positive inflation rate.     

企业标准的备案管理工作亟待加强

由于1988年制定的《标准化法》已不适应目前我国市场经济的要求，在企业标准备案管理工作方面大家形成了不同的认识，在实际工作中形成了监管的真空地带，出现了企业标准充当假冒伪劣产品“保护伞”的现象。本文提出了加强企业标准备案管理工作的一些想法。