重视学生非智力因素的开发——对当前高职学生学业不佳的思考

高职学生的学习成绩受诸多因素的影响,其中非智力因素是影响高职学生学业成绩的重要因素。影响当代高职学生学业成绩的非智力因素主要有学习动力、学习兴趣、意志力等。创新方法、激发兴趣、以人为本、因材施教、培养成就感、提高自信心等开发高职学生非智力因素的对策,对扭转当前高职学生学业不佳的状况具有积极重要的作用。     

Inventory ordering policies of delayed deteriorating items under permissible delay in payments

The existing literature on inventory of deteriorating items considers deterioration to begin as soon as the items are stocked. However, there are several deteriorating items that do not start deteriorating immediately they are held in stock. Some farm produce like potatoes, yams and even some fruits and vegetables have this property. Depletion of these items as soon as they are stocked will depend on demand, and when deterioration begins, it will depend on both demand and deterioration. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model on the inventory of deteriorating items that do not start deteriorating immediately they are stocked. The model also takes into cognizance the fact that in business activities nowadays customers are given some allowed period within which to settle for the goods supplied to them. They can use the accrued money from sales of the supplied goods to earn interest within the allowed period. They are charged interest only when they fail to settle the amount they owe the supplier at the end of the allowed period.     

The impact of lean practices on inventory turnover

Lean manufacturing (LM) is currently enjoying its second heyday. Companies in several industries are implementing lean practices to keep pace with the competition and achieve better results. In this article, we will concentrate on how companies can improve their inventory turnover performance through the use of lean practices. According to our main proposition, firms that widely apply lean practices have higher inventory turnover than those that do not rely on LM. However, there may be significant differences in inventory turnover even among lean manufacturers depending on their contingencies. Therefore, we also investigate how various contingency factors (production systems, order types, product types) influence the inventory turnover of lean manufacturers. We use cluster and correlation analysis to separate manufacturers based on the extent of their leanness and to examine the effect of contingencies. We acquired the data from the International Manufacturing Strategy Survey (IMSS) in ISIC sectors 28-35.     

Inventory in mainland China: Historical, industry, and geographic perspectives

We review inventories in mainland China by evaluating the trajectory of aggregate inventories in recent decades, and then modelling the relationship of inventories in some 300,000 manufacturers with respect to volume (using cost of goods sold), industry (using SIC codes), and geographical location (using the 31 regions of China). We find that inventories generally exhibit economies of scale (in terms of cost of goods sold) in all but one industry (tobacco), and differ widely by province, with relatively high inventories in remote regions.We provide explanations for apparent diseconomies of scale for large unlisted firms, and reflect on why publicly listed manufacturers have significantly higher inventories than do unlisted firms. We note that manufacturing inventories as a proportion of manufacturing value-added are substantially higher in China than in the US The results may be employed for benchmarking and auditing of firms and managers, as well as for conducting due diligence for investment, mergers and acquisitions.     

电子支付行业的发展趋势

电子支付仍然处于高速发展初期,新模式、新技术不断涌现。国家对电子支付行业持鼓励的态度,电子支付的主要管理方式是备案制,电子支付企业有银行化趋势,电子支付行业正处于高速发展期,支付宝成为行业巨头。     

Joint determination of inventory replenishment and sales effort with uncertain market responses

An optimal joint operational and marketing decision is crucial for robust supply chain management. This paper addresses concurrent determination of inventory replenishment and sales effort decisions such as price, incentives to salesforce, and short-term promotions, or a combination of them. Market responses to sales efforts are typically highly uncertain, and demand in each period has its distribution dependent on the selected sales effort. In each period a replenishment order may be issued, which incurs both fixed and variable ordering costs, and at the same time the sales effort is also determined, the execution of which may incur costs. For such a model, the previously developed methods which are used for the joint inventory-pricing models become inadequate. A computational procedure for obtaining an optimal joint policy is addressed, and the conditions for the optimality of that policy are identified.     

供应商管理库存模式实施中的优化研究

供应商管理库存是以制造商和供应商双方都获得最低成本为目的,在一个共同的协议下由供应商管理库存的合作性策略。但是目前多数企业在实施的过程中往往未能达到预期的目标,本文通过对现有实施过程中出现的问题进行分析,进而提出实践性较强的优化方案,使得VMI模式双方均能实现其目标。     

The impact of improved highways on Indian firms

India's Golden Quadrilateral Program, a major highway project, aimed at improving the quality and width of existing highways connecting the four largest cities in India. It affected the quality of highways available to firms in cities that lay along the routes of the four upgraded highways, while leaving the quality of highways available to firms in other cities unaffected. This feature of the project allows for a difference-in-difference estimation strategy, where status on and off the improved highways, and distance from them, are used as treatment variables. This strategy is implemented using data from the 2002 and 2005 rounds of the World Bank Enterprise Surveys for India. Firms in cities affected by the Golden Quadrilateral highway project reduced their average stock of input inventories by between 6 and 12 days’ worth of production. Firms in cities where road quality did not improve showed no significant changes. The reduction in stocks of input inventories also varied inversely with the distance between the city in which a firm was located and the nearest city on an improved highway. Firms on the Golden Quadrilateral were also more likely to have switched the supplier who provided them with their primary input, suggesting that they saw reason to re-optimize their choice of supplier after the arrival of better highways. Consistent with these findings, firms on the improved highways reported decreased transportation obstacles to production, while firms in control cities reported no such change.     

An inventory model with non-resuming randomly interruptible lead time

We assume that an unreliable supplier in a single-item stochastic inventory system alternates randomly between two possible states (i.e., available and unavailable), following a two-state continuous-time homogeneous Markov chain. For a compound Poisson stream of demands and Erlang lead times, our model considers the scenario where the processing of the outstanding order (if any) is interrupted at every supplier's transition epoch from the available to the unavailable state, and is restarted from the outset upon the supplier's regaining its available state. We derive the stationary distribution of the on-hand inventory under a continuous-review policy and provide some numerical results.