民营书业图书高库存原因探析

针对掣肘我国民营书业健康发展的图书高库存问题，从市场的供求矛盾、图书的商品特性、行业的发行方式、民营书业自身的行业特殊性、发行渠道的上下游信息壁垒、采购的盲目多样性、库存管理和控制的落后、物流效率的低下等方面分析其原因，从而为下一步探寻有效的解决方案，促使民营书业乃至整个图书业的健康发展提供帮助。     

INTERORGANIZATIONAL TIME‐BASED POSTPONEMENT IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN

This paper presents the results of empirical research on the use of time‐based postponement in a supply chain context using data collected from two manufacturers, a distributor, and a retailer. The analysis shows that implementing postponement at the firm level can result in the supply chain carrying more inventory. In order to achieve its full potential, postponement needs to be implemented across organizations in the supply chain.     

The role of e-tailer inventory policy on e-tailer pricing and profitability

This study explores the impact of the e-tailer's inventory policy on its pricing strategy and profitability via a two-period model. Specifically, we identify two inventory policies: zero inventory and positive inventory. The findings show that the zero-inventory e-tailer charges lower prices than the positive-inventory one, but the price differential decreases over time if the market expands rapidly. The findings also show that the zero-inventory policy is preferred under a moderately positive relationship between reservation price and impatience for delivery, whereas the positive-inventory policy is preferred when these two variables are independent of each other. Furthermore, the results show that a more rapid expansion of market is a favorable condition for the zero-inventory e-tailer. The authors also discuss the implications of the inventory policy for an e-tailer's performance.     

资本永续盘存法及其国内应用

资本存量数据是宏观经济运行政策研究的重要决定因素。资本存量核算比较复杂，在理论与技术两个层面都存在诸多问题难以厘清。我国资本统计十分薄弱，数据可得性成为资本存量估算的严重制约。在我国经济增长研究中，如何准确估算资本存量一直是困扰研究者的难题。学术界需要使用这方面数据，又促使很多学者基于各自的研究目的对我国资本存量进行估算。这些研究分别利用不同的假设和处理方法，这使我国资本存量数据出现了差异很大的众多版本。本文在对资本存量估算方法进行梳理之后，对我国资本估算现有研究进行了回顾和评论。     

Trust and controllability in venture capital fundraising

This study discusses a model of success in venture capital (VC) fundraising. We develop this model based on agency and trust theory. The model is tested against quantitative data collected from 151 limited partners (LP) with headquarters predominantly in North America and Europe. Beyond the well-known criterion of the VC firm's track record, results suggest that trust and perceived controllability shape the investment decisions of those LPs. Moreover, antecedents of these main factors are evaluated. In sum, this study shows how fundraising VC firms can systematically manage the fundraising process.     

On the relationship between cost and service models for general inventory systems

In this paper, we present a systematic overview of possible relations between cost and service models for fairly general single- and multi-stage inventory systems. In particular, we relate various types of penalty costs in pure cost models to equivalent types of service measures in service models. We show how an optimal policy for a service model may be obtained from cost-optimal policies in a related pure cost model. Pure cost models have been studied extensively in the literature. By our results it seems possible to transform many of the known optimal solutions for pure cost models to service models, which are more appropriate from a practical point of view. A number of examples are discussed to show the generality and the possibly far reaching consequences of the results.     

Investigating the Effects of Daily Inventory Record Inaccuracy in Multichannel Retailing

Inventory record inaccuracy (IRI) challenges multichannel retailers in fulfilling both brick‐and‐mortar and direct channel demands from their distribution centers. The nature and damaging effects of IRI largely go unnoticed because retailers assume daily IRI remains stable over time within the replenishment cycle. While research shows that a high level of IRI is damaging, in reality the level of IRI can change every day. We posit that daily IRI variation increases the uncertainty in the system to negatively affect inventory and service levels. Our research uses data collected daily from a multichannel retailer to ground a discrete‐event simulation experiment. Going beyond testing just the level of IRI, we evaluate daily IRI variation's impact on operating performance. What we find in our empirical data challenges extant assumptions regarding the characteristics of IRI. In addition, our simulation results reveal that daily IRI variation has a paradoxical effect: it increases inventory levels while also decreasing service levels. Moreover, we also reveal that brick‐and‐mortar and direct channels are impacted differently. Our findings show that assumptions and practices that ignore daily IRI variation need revising. For managers, we demonstrate how periods of multiday counting help assess their daily IRI variation and indicate what the causes may be.     

Inventory inaccuracies in the wholesale supply chain

The inventory level shown in the Information System contrary to popular belief and assumptions in most academic papers and in spite of the considerable amounts invested in information technology, is often inaccurate. The inventory inaccuracy occurs when the inventory shown in the Information System is not in agreement with the actually available inventory. In this paper, we first describe the major factors generating inventory inaccuracy. Then, we provide situations permitting to manage an inventory system subject to errors. We provide a general framework permitting to model the inventory inaccuracy issue. In particular, we link the inaccuracy issue with the well known random yield problem. The shown link permits us to derive the optimal ordering policy of an inventory framework where demand satisfaction is done based on the inventory records (which are subject to inaccuracies). We also propose an analysis permitting to show the added value of an advanced identification system such as the RFID technology.     

How should Central Banks determine and control their bank note inventory?

This paper looks at a relatively unresearched but important area in money and banking – namely the provision of currency by the Central Bank. One of the most important functions of Central Banking is the provision of liquidity to the economy. However, in fulfilling this function, Central Banks have to be prepared for unexpected money demand shocks as well as production, transportation and cost of capital constraints. The paper develops a dynamic cost minimizing note inventory model that solves for the Central Bank’s optimal note order size and frequency. As part of the modeling exercise a value at risk model is used to solve for an inventory “cushion.”     

论铁路犯罪现场摄影

铁路刑事案件主要是指发生在铁路公安机关管辖的铁路站场、列车、线路空间范围内的各种犯罪。由于在案件构成上具有一定的特殊性，铁路犯罪现场摄影应该根据铁路犯罪现场的属性来系统地记录现场状况。认识铁路犯罪现场的重要性和特殊性，是搞好铁路犯罪现场摄影的内在要求。铁路犯罪现场摄影特殊性主要是在拍摄铁路犯罪现场照片过程中，如何结合铁路犯罪现场构成的特性以及铁路犯罪现场存在、处置的条件和专业要求等来做好现场摄影工作。铁路犯罪现场摄影应按照及时、全面、客观、细致的要求来完成。