Technological development at the boundaries of the firm: a knowledge‐based examination in drug development

This paper examines how the knowledge‐based view (KBV) can be applied to firm boundary decisions and the performance implications of those decisions. At the center of the paper is a theoretical and empirical examination of how firms most efficiently organize for technological development. We find that distinct organization approaches are advantaged in the speed of technological development depending on the structure of technological development problems and the depth of firms' technological area experience. We make theoretical and empirical contributions to KBV research that examines knowledge development and transfer. Drug development in the pharmaceutical industry serves as our empirical setting. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论废弃产品问题与生产者责任延伸制度的回应

产品在消费后阶段所凸显的环境污染与资源浪费问题,即废弃产品问题,源于产品的资源性和潜在污染性,自然处置方式的不能和焚烧、填埋处置方式的不当。生产者责任延伸制度概念的提出为废弃产品问题的解决找到了合理的责任承担主体,减轻了政府在此方面的责任,为通过立法建立具体的生产者责任延伸制度提供了雏形。建立生产者责任延伸制度,施行回收处置方式是破解废弃产品问题的制度回应。     

宁夏农业发展的生态问题与保护治理的投融资机制研究

宁夏农业的发展面临着严重的生态问题,其治理与保护的瓶颈之一就是资金不足。本文在分析了宁夏农地存在的生态问题和原有投资效果的基础下,结合生态保护和治理的特殊性,提出了新的融资模式和投资机制。融资模式可以采用基金会融资模式和准项目融资模式,以保证融资渠道的稳定长效。投资机制上应该考虑到生态退化程度不同的区域采用不同的投资途径以确保资金使用的有效。     

Why did the Austro-Hungarian Empire collapse? A public choice perspective

In this paper, we seek to identify causes of the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. We note that great salience was attached to issues of self-governance and autonomy of the numerous ethnic groups living within the Empire. From a public choice perspective, the Empire was an over-centralised state and there were clear gains from federalising it. However, such federalisation was not feasible because of the collective action problem arising in bargaining with the central government. Furthermore, the move towards the war economy and the empowerment of the executive state provided the last drop leading to the exit of ethnic minorities from the monarchy and to the ultimate demise of the Empire.

中心城市应急物流道路运输体系建设几个难点问题的研究

中心城市应急物流道路运输由于其本身特性、物流条件和时间限制与常规道路运输有着明显的区别,而对中心城市应急物流道路运输体系建设进行研究可以确保应急物流的时效性。因此,结合中心城市应急道路运输特点及中心任务,从指挥协调机制、信息情报支持系统、先进物流应急技术装备应用、动员社会力量等几个难点问题进行分析和探索,以促进中心城市应急物流道路运输体系的建设,满足最快、安全、准确应急运输的要求。     

中国海岛旅游研究现状及发展趋势

海岛是世界的旅游热点,改革开放30年来,中国的海岛旅游得到了长足的发展,海岛旅游研究也取得了一定的成果。但无论海岛旅游还是海岛旅游研究,与中国海洋大国的地位还远不相称。文章在对近30年来国内有关海岛旅游文献进行分析的基础上,从海岛旅游资源开发与可持续发展、环境与安全、旅游产品等方面对中国海岛旅游研究现状进行了论述,分析了海岛旅游研究中的常用研究方法,并对研究中存在的问题和研究趋势作了探讨,以期为今后的海岛旅游研究提供思路,促进中国海岛旅游研究的进一步发展。     

The British low-wage sector and the employment prospects of the unemployed

Are low wages a way for the unemployed to switch to higher-paying jobs? Using data from the British Household Panel Survey, the labour market dynamics of unemployed, low-paid and higher-paid employed men are analysed. Moreover, the respective (un)employment duration and occupational skill level are accounted for. Results show that in general low wages significantly reduce the risk of future unemployment and increase the chances of ascending the salary ladder, especially in the case of long-term unemployment (>360 days). Furthermore, the occupational skill level has a substantial influence on the upward mobility of low-paid jobs: individuals working in the initial period in a low-paid and higher-skilled occupation have on average an 11 percentage points higher probability of entering higher pay compared to when working in a low-paid and low-skilled occupation.     

Bayesian forecasting of electoral outcomes with new parties’ competition

We propose a new methodology for predicting electoral results that combines a fundamental model and national polls within an evidence synthesis framework. Although novel, the methodology builds upon basic statistical structures, largely modern analysis of variance type models, and it is carried out in open-source software. The methodology is motivated by the specific challenges of forecasting elections with the participation of new political parties, which is becoming increasingly common in the post-2008 European panorama. Our methodology is also particularly useful for the allocation of parliamentary seats, since the vast majority of available opinion polls predict at national level whereas seats are allocated at local level. We illustrate the advantages of our approach relative to recent competing approaches using the 2015 Spanish Congressional Election. In general, the predictions of our model outperform the alternative specifications, including hybrid models that combine fundamental and polls models. Our forecasts are, in relative terms, particularly accurate in predicting the seats obtained by each political party.     

两型社会建设中建设用地集约利用问题探讨——以长株潭城市群为分析对象

集约利用建设用地是长株潭土地资源利用机制创新的关键。长株潭城市群应以交通建设为契机,推广人车人流节地模式、开发园区土地集约模式等成功做法,建立节约集约利用建设土地约束机制,加强建设用地控制标准建设评价工作和相关配套制度建设和改革,推动长株潭城市群建设用地的集约利用。     

商业关系中的感知风险、信任与控制

本文提出了一个商业关系背景下感知风险、风险态度与信任的概念模型。从整体上来说,环境风险和关系风险同时影响信任的建立,但有着不同的机制;而信任影响决策者感知风险的效应是通过影响决策者的决策框架,即决策者加工、处理决策问题的方式来实现的。而信任同时通过影响决策者的决策框架,影响决策者的风险态度,进而影响信任建立的过程。