关于政府投资项目造价控制的问题及策略

政府投资建设项目不同于一般的企业投资项目,多以公益和必要设施为主,但是由于经手部门多、结构复杂等原因,在工程造价控制上面临许多问题,不仅浪费资源、资金,同时不利于廉政建设,也会缩减其他方面的财政支出,因此合理控制政府投资建设项目工程造价成为一个广受重视的问题。     

学术期刊引文不规范问题及对策分析

当今，学术界的引文不规范行为十分严重。针对于此，本文主要概括了引文不规范行为的分类、原因和解决对策，强调引文在科技论文中的重要作用，并从作者自身、期刊社和相关法律制度三个方面解决该问题。     

HT公司绩效评价体系存在问题及解决对策

本文基于HT公司的生产管理特点,首先从绩效目标制定的程序不科学、考核周期太长、绩效评价方法不完善等六方面分析了HT公司绩效评价存在的问题;其次从成立绩效考评委员会、建立以绩效为导向的企业文化、明确员工的职业发展道路等五个方面提出解决对策。     

高质量发展背景下江阴市科技创新现状、问题及对策研究

县域是实施创新驱动的重要基础，以江阴市为例，对照《江阴市“十三五”科技创新发展规划》，对江阴市创新驱动实施情况及存在的问题进行分析，并提出对策建议，从而为全国县域创新发展提供思路和启示。     

REAL OPTIONS WITH COMPETITION AND REGIME SWITCHING

In this paper, we examine irreversible investment decisions in duopoly games with a variable economic climate. Integrating timing flexibility, competition, and changes in the economic environment in the form of a cash flow process with regime switching, the problem is formulated as a stopping‐time game under Stackelberg leader‐follower competition, in which both players determine their respective optimal market entry time. By extending the variational inequality approach, we solve for the free boundaries and obtain optimal investment strategies for each player. Despite the lack of regularity in the leader's obstacle and the cash flow regime uncertainty, the regime‐dependent optimal policies for both the leader and the follower are obtained. In addition, we perform comprehensive numerical experiments to demonstrate the properties of solutions and to gain insights into the implications of regime switching.     

高校考试管理中存在的问题及对策探讨

对当前高校考试管理工作中存在的主要问题进行分析和研究,并提出相应对策,使考试管理更为科学有效,从而为教学质量的提高提供保障。     

Heterogeneous returns to chemical fertilizer at the intensive margins: Insights from Nepal

Increased fertilizer use is considered important for agricultural development in low-income countries. Promoting increased use of chemical fertilizer by lowering its price may be ineffective if demand is price inelastic. In theory, the price elasticity of demand depends on the returns to its use, but the evidence is scarce. Furthermore, while returns are often estimated for small changes in chemical fertilizer use, returns to larger changes in its use (intensive margins) are less understood. Through the inter-zonal comparisons in Nepal, we provide indicative evidence that greater returns to chemical fertilizer are associated with greater price elasticities of demand. Moreover, the evidence suggests that returns at the intensive margins, rather than returns to small changes, may largely account for inter-zonal differences in returns to chemical fertilizer within Nepal. The results suggest that better understanding the returns at the intensive margins is critical for effective agricultural inputs policies in developing countries.     

Container drayage problem with flexible orders and its near real-time solution strategies

This article studies a container drayage problem with flexible orders defined by using requiring and releasing attributes as a unified formulation of various order types. A determined-activities-on-vertex (DAOV) graph introduces a temporary vertex set to formulate different truck statuses. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model based on the DAOV graph. Four strategies including a window partition based (WPB) strategy are presented and evaluated extensively to solve the problem. Results indicate that the WPB method could solve the problem effectively and efficiently. Furthermore, this method is robust considering the operating time biases compared to other algorithms.