On regulations for 5G: Micro licensing for locally operated networks

Future 5G networks aim at providing new high-quality wireless services to meet stringent and case-specific needs of various vertical sectors beyond traditional mobile broadband offerings. 5G is expected to disrupt the mobile communication business ecosystem and open the market to drastically new sharing based network operational models. 5G technical features of network slicing and small cell deployments in higher carrier frequencies will lower the investment barrier for new entrants to deploy local radio access networks and offer vertical specific services in specific areas and allow them lease the remaining required infrastructure on demand from mobile network operators (MNO) or infrastructure vendors. To realize the full vision of 5G to benefit the society and promote competition, innovation and emergence of new services when the 5G end-to-end network spans across different stakeholders administrative domains, the existing regulations governing the mobile communication business ecosystem are being refined. This paper provides a tutorial overview on how 5G innovations impact mobile communications and reviews the regulatory elements relevant to 5G development for locally deployed networks. This paper expands the recent micro licensing model for local spectrum authorization in future 5G systems and provides guidelines for the development of the key micro licensing elements. This local micro licensing model can open the mobile market by allowing different stakeholders to deploy local small cell networks with locally issued spectrum licenses ensuring pre-defined quality guarantees for the vertical sectors’ case specific needs.     

On the short-time behavior of the implied volatility for jump-diffusion models with stochastic volatility

In this paper we use Malliavin calculus techniques to obtain an expression for the short-time behavior of the at-the-money implied volatility skew for a generalization of the Bates model, where the volatility does not need to be a diffusion or a Markov process, as the examples in Sect. 7 show. This expression depends on the derivative of the volatility in the sense of Malliavin calculus. E. Alòs’ research is supported by grants MEC FEDER MTM 2006 06427 and SEJ2006-13537. J.A. León’s research is partially supported by the CONACyT grant 45684-F. J. Vives’ research is supported by grant MEC FEDER MTM 2006 06427.     

The distinction between commercial and non-commercial bus services in Germany: Given by nature?

German public transport services by bus are characterized by a regulatory framework that distinguishes between commercial and non-commercial services. Contrary to the apparent views of legislators, this paper shows that costs and revenues are not the only parameters determining whether or not operators are able to provide services in a commercially viable way.Apart from the local characteristics of the specific service, we show that the classification of services as commercial versus non-commercial is determined in large part by the public transport authorities that set minimum quality standards to be provided by operators. Our analysis shows that the authorities awarding the contracts in some cases affect market organization significantly depending on how they make use of this power. Furthermore, market organization differs substantially with respect to the awarding structure and the contractual relationships, thus creating a challenge for operators and authorities in an embryonic market.     

Anonymous social influence

We study a stochastic model of influence where agents have “yes” or “no” inclinations on some issue, and opinions may change due to mutual influence among the agents. Each agent independently aggregates the opinions of the other agents and possibly herself. We study influence processes modeled by ordered weighted averaging operators, which are anonymous: they only depend on how many agents share an opinion. For instance, this allows to study situations where the influence process is based on majorities, which are not covered by the classical approach of weighted averaging aggregation. We find a necessary and sufficient condition for convergence to consensus and characterize outcomes where the society ends up polarized. Our results can also be used to understand more general situations, where ordered weighted averages are only used to some extent. Furthermore, we apply our results to fuzzy linguistic quantifiers, i.e., expressions like “most” or “at least a few”.     

经营者持股效应的理论分析

现代企业制度产生“两权分离”,形成委托——代理关系,产生代理问题,而经营者持股是解决代理问题的一种激励方案。本文认为,经营者持股可以满足代理人的多种需要,从而激励代理人产生有利于实现企业目标的行为;经营者持股是代理人参与企业剩余分配的有效方式,是建立激励契约的必然选择。     

中国政企客户移动信息化现状及策略研究

随着4G时代移动通信技术的发展,政企客户移动信息化市场成为中国电信运营企业发展战略中的重要战场。文章通过分析政企客户市场现状、移动信息化短板,采用德尔菲法构建影响政企客户移动信息化的指标体系,提出电信运营企业应在市场环境、产品价值、协同保障、员工能力、团队建设、创新投入、用户需求这七方面实施发展策略,从而提升电信运营企业的市场竞争力和客户感知度,促进中国政企客户移动信息化发展。     

Bergman空间到加权Hardy空间上的复合算子

主要研究了从Bergm an空间到加权Hardy空间上的复合算子,并给出此复合算子为有界及紧的条件.     

多粒度语言表达下基于IOWA算子的投资项目区域风险评价

在项目实施前,对其在可行投资区域的项目区域风险进行评价和比较分析是进行项目投资决策的重要依据。在构建项目区域风险评价指标体系的基础上,针对在项目区域风险评价过程中所主要考虑的问题,首先将每位决策者基于不同多粒度语言来描述的风险因素重要度进行基本语言转换,引进诱导有序加权平均(IOWA)算子来确定所有决策者对于各风险因素重要度的评价值;运用CCR模型,依据项目在各可行投资区域的风险因子状态值确定它们的风险大小排名权值,据此进行投资决策。     

PRICING EQUITY DERIVATIVES SUBJECT TO BANKRUPTCY

We solve in closed form a parsimonious extension of the Black–Scholes–Merton model with bankruptcy where the hazard rate of bankruptcy is a negative power of the stock price. Combining a scale change and a measure change, the model dynamics is reduced to a linear stochastic differential equation whose solution is a diffusion process that plays a central role in the pricing of Asian options. The solution is in the form of a spectral expansion associated with the diffusion infinitesimal generator. The latter is closely related to the Schrödinger operator with Morse potential. Pricing formulas for both corporate bonds and stock options are obtained in closed form. Term credit spreads on corporate bonds and implied volatility skews of stock options are closely linked in this model, with parameters of the hazard rate specification controlling both the shape of the term structure of credit spreads and the slope of the implied volatility skew. Our analytical formulas are easy to implement and should prove useful to researchers and practitioners in corporate debt and equity derivatives markets.     

关于建立地勘单位经营者评价指标体系的思考

文章认为 ,造就具有企业家精神的地勘单位经营者 ,涉及选拔经营者和建立对其激励、约束机制两个方面。这两个方面离不开对经营者的评价指标和评价方法。文章就建立评价指标体系应遵循的全面性、科学性、注重实绩、可比性四项原则进行了论述 ,提出评价指标体系应包括潜质评价指标、显质评价指标、业绩评价指标 ,并分别就其评价方法进行了论述。