借鉴美国税收经验 促进我国大飞机产业发展

大飞机的发展需要政府的强力支持,而税收政策是政府扶持大飞机产业发展、实现国家战略目标的重要政策工具。本文以美国利用税收政策向大飞机产业提供政府补贴为例,分析了我国在发展大飞机产业的过程中,应充分发挥税收政策对产业发展的激励和促进作用,制定和完善面向研发及生产制造领域的税收支持政策,加强税收政策在市场开拓及市场竞争中的有效运用,发挥税收政策对资源要素集聚的导向性,注重税收政策与其他政策的有效协调。     

农户绿色生产“强意愿弱行为”的再审视：基于资源约束和社会规范视角——以个人规范为中介变量

目的 当前农村环境问题日益凸显,突破农户绿色生产“高意愿低行为”困境,对促进农村农业绿色发展具有重要意义。方法 文章利用甘肃省649户问卷调查数据,采用有序Logit回归模型,以及中介效应与调节效应检验方法,基于农户“经济人和社会人”的双重身份属性,探讨资源禀赋、社会规范对农户绿色生产意愿与行为悖离的影响。结果 （1）资源禀赋差异是导致农户意愿与行为不一致的根源问题,软化资源禀赋约束有利于实现农户绿色生产意愿向行为的转化,其中有机肥代替化肥补贴、水利设施完善程度、加入农村合作社、村民之间的信赖关系对抑制农户绿色生产意愿与行为悖离均存在显著作用。（2）个体特征中,户主年龄对农户绿色生产意愿向行为的转化存在负向的干扰作用。（3）社会规范、个人规范均对农户绿色生产意愿与行为悖离产生负向显著影响,而社会规范对农户绿色生产意愿与行为悖离的影响以直接效应为主,可通过个人规范间接负向作用于农户绿色生产意愿与行为悖离。（4）社会规范在经济资本、物质资本、社会资本与农户绿色生产意愿与行为悖离关系中具有正向调节作用。结论 为有效实现农户绿色生产意愿与行为的统一,在农业环境政策的制定中应强调不同农户之间的禀赋差异,同时要注重发挥社会规范作用,积极引导农户向绿色生产行为的转化。     

行为主体的知识在专业化与分工中的作用

基于主体行为决策的视角,探讨了在主体采取简单决策模式的情况下组织内进行管理分工与专业化的必要性。研究结果表明：行为主体采用简单决策模式所产生的偏差成本以及主体有限理性的约束使得主体知识存在一个与环境特征相联系的最优结构;组织内实行分工与专业化是知识特征约束下的组织追求效率的最优选择。     

When Do Firms Adjust Bonus Targets Intrayear? Evidence from Sales Executives' Targets*

This study investigates when and why intrayear bonus target revisions occur. This is important as intrayear target revisions occur regularly in practice but are not well understood. Specifically, we analyze two potential drivers of intrayear bonus target revisions: reduced managerial incentives owing to managers dropping out of the incentive zone of their piecewise defined bonus function and potential spillovers from planning target revisions that reflect changes in performance expectations during the year. We also investigate the effects of organizational characteristics on intrayear bonus target revisions. Using data collected from sales executives via multiple waves of surveys, we find evidence for both predicted drivers. In addition, consistent with our predictions, we find that the levels of delegated decision authority, intrafirm interdependencies, and information asymmetry negatively moderate the positive association between reduced managerial incentives and revision likelihood. Our paper contributes to the target setting literature by being the first study to investigate intrayear bonus target revisions and shed light on when firms commit to not revising such targets intrayear.     

Intra-operator mobile plan switching: Evidence from linked survey and billing microdata

This paper examines consumers' intra-operator mobile phone plan switching in Ireland. It models the factors associated with switching outcomes, including the direction of change in expenditure and whether those who are observed to switch plans tend to arrive at more or less optimal plans given their usage. A dataset is employed that combines survey responses from mobile consumers with the same consumers' actual usage data in the period 2017–2019; this was collected by Ireland's national regulatory authority. The cost each consumer would have incurred on every plan offered in the market based on their observed usage is estimated. Using models that allow for selection into switching, associations between switching outcomes and demographic and user characteristics are modelled. Controls are included for plan and user attributes, including demographics and proxies for user sophistication and access to alternative communication options. A substantial proportion of intra-operator switchers in the sample increase expenditures when they switch plan. While many switchers move to plans that are more optimal given their usage, a slight majority move to plans that charge a higher price premium over the best available plan (based on observables) than the consumer's previous plan did. Few observable characteristics of consumers or plans seem to be significantly associated with which switches achieve greater optimality, although fixed operator effects are large and significant. These findings add to the weight of evidence which finds that many consumers fail to arrive at the best price even after switching.     

政府审计、农村金融发展与乡村振兴

全面推进乡村振兴是“十四五”时期经济社会发展的重点任务之一，而政府审计是保障和促进乡村振兴的重要监督机制。基于此，以2011—2018年省级地方审计机关为研究对象，探究政府审计对乡村振兴的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明：政府审计能够促进乡村振兴，并通过作用于农村金融发展进而对乡村振兴产生积极影响。进一步研究发现，地区市场化程度越低、政府预算偏离度越大，政府审计对乡村振兴的促进作用越强。研究结论为政府审计促进乡村振兴提供了初步的经验证据，并将政府审计功能拓展到乡村振兴领域，对相关部门采取针对性策略，增强审计监督效能、促进乡村振兴具有重要的参考价值。     

Working capital as a firm performance savior? Evidence from Scandinavian countries

This study examined the relationship between working capital management (WCM) and firm performance in Scandinavian markets from 2007 to 2020. The initial data set comprised 8821 observations; only 5331 yearly observations remained after data filtration. The data are extracted from a reliable Bloomberg database. This empirical study adopts a multiple regression analysis for unbalanced panel data on Scandinavian markets, reporting an inverse relationship between WCM and firm performance measured through return on assets, gross operating income, and market-to-book value ratio. The control variables also showed a significant relationship order. To assess the robustness of our baseline regression results, we considered various indicators, (i) including alternative measures of firm performance, (ii) excluding the 2008 global financial crisis period, and (ii) running all countries in one equation as a group analysis. This study adds to the existing literature and outlines how efficient WCM can help managers to improve firm performance.     

Trade credit and financial crises in Kazakhstan

This paper studies the trade credit and delinquency behavior in Kazakhstan paying attention to the effects of two recent crises using a unique dataset of large firms and SMEs from the year 2009 to 2016. Our estimates suggest that the relationship between trade and bank credit is mainly substitutional except that it was complementary for large firms following the year 2014–5 crisis. This new piece of evidence on the non-uniform relationship between trade and bank credit during crisis might provide more insight into the mixed findings in the literature. We also discern that trade credit demand is more prevalent among capital-intensive firms. Kazakhstani firms pass along a sizeable portion of their delinquent receivable to their trade credit suppliers. The transmission of trade credit delinquency, additionally, is amplified during the year 2014–5 economic crisis but the year 2009 global financial crisis.     

Imitation,performance feedback,and outward foreign direct investments by emerging market firms

Extending the rational-based perspective of imitation, this study investigates how emerging market firms (EMFs) selectively imitate the frequency of outward foreign direct investment from two theoretically connected role models, i.e., large firms in an industry and board-interlocked firms. We posit that large and board-interlocked firms have differential values in endowing legitimacy and providing information because of their differences in terms of visibility to outsiders and value of acquired information. Using performance feedback as a moderator, we also indicate that EMFs performing above aspiration level decrease their imitation of large firms and board-interlocked firms. We also find that EMFs performing below aspiration level are more likely to imitate interlocked firms but less likely to imitate large firms.     

Interactive R&D spillovers: An estimation strategy based on forecasting-driven model selection

This paper proposes an estimation strategy that exploits recent non-parametric panel data methods that allow for a multifactor error structure and extends a recently proposed data-driven model-selection procedure, which has its roots in cross validation and aims to test whether two competing approximate models are equivalent in terms of their expected true error. We extend this procedure to a large panel data framework by using moving block bootstrap resampling techniques in order to preserve cross-sectional dependence in the bootstrapped samples. Such an estimation strategy is illustrated by revisiting an analysis of international technology diffusion. Model selection procedures clearly conclude in the superiority of a fully non-parametric (non-additive) specification over parametric and even semi-parametric (additive) specifications. This work also refines previous results by showing threshold effects, non-linearities, and interactions that are obscured in parametric specifications and which have relevant implications for policy.