中国制造业企业开放式创新行为及影响因素

开放式创新行为对提高企业创新绩效有显著影响。基于2012年世界银行调查数据,对中国企业开放式创新行为影响因素进行了实证分析。研究表明：①企业开放式创新行为在区域、行业上分布不均;②竞争对手情况、信息技术支持度、数据软件共享度、产品出口、产品销售范围等对研发合作有显著正向影响;③高管工作经历、竞争者数量、信息技术支持度等对企业创新开放度有显著正向影响。     

基于fsQCA方法的江西省跨境电商发展政策研究

随着生产全球化的发展及跨国公司的全球性扩张,从跨境电商9710新模式开单到跨境电商国际快递补贴政策的印发,中国跨境电商飞速发展。结合中国跨境电商发展实际,选择货物进出口总额、人才量、货运承受能力、技术支持、电子商务企业数量、一般公共预算支出、地区生产能力等7个指标,以中国31个省域为研究对象,采用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法,探究跨境电商发展各个指标之间相互作用的逻辑关系。研究发现,存在3条不同的因素组态促进地区跨境电商发展,核心指标是货物进出口总额和电子商务企业数量。因此,依据3条不同政策路径的边缘因素作用,将促进跨境电商发展的路径分为距离导向型、经济导向型和政府全面引导型,并说明各路径适应地区的特点。最后为促进江西省跨境电商进一步发展提出相应建议。     

De-internationalization through the lens of intellectual property rights

Many studies have focused on internationalization, with few shedding light on de-internationalization. In this article, we contended that de-internationalization is common in a world of matured globalization, yet it remains underexplored. We sought to build on the seminal articles on de-internationalization by extending our understanding of the concept from a voluntary to an involuntary perspective. In particular, we used intellectual property rights as an institutional coercive dimension and set theory as a discerning mechanism to enrich our understanding of de-internationalization. Our article, which demonstrates the multi-faceted conditions of de-internationalization, should benefit formal institutions and policy makers in developing a greater understanding of the relationship between public policies and focal firms' decisions to de-internationalize. We also hope that our article will contribute to greater visibility of de-internationalization and make the concept more approachable to our international business audience.     

Investigating the causal configurations of cost-efficient firms at the bottom of the pyramid

This study highlights how social and commercial enterprises with local and global presence, balance their economic and social goals, to sustainably serve the bottom-of-the-pyramid (BoP) markets, predominantly in emerging economies. Employing the lens of transaction cost economics and configurational theory, we propose that successful venturing into the BoP markets, sensitize firms to create appropriate governance mechanisms for reducing transaction costs, resulting in creation and capture of values. Further, these mechanisms enable those firms to attain cost efficiency and sustainability in the process of fulfilling their social objectives. To that end, we employed the case survey method to analyse 42 cases, from the Harvard Business School repository, on multinational enterprises (MNEs) in emerging economies. Further, we used qualitative comparative analysis to uncover the various causal governance configurations that enabled those firms to sustainably serve the BoP markets.     

长江经济带人才集聚水平测度及时空演变研究——基于价值链视角

基于价值链视角,构建涵盖人才资源在区域空间层面集聚生成、地区配置、效能产出3个维度在内的区域人才集聚水平评价指标体系,采用专家咨询AHP-信息熵组合赋权法构建综合评价模型和耦合协调度模型,对2010—2018年长江经济带沿线省市人才集聚水平进行测度与时空演化特征分析。结果表明,就长江经济带整体而言,考察期内地区人才集聚水平总体呈现逐年上升态势,但仍处于低水平状态;沿线省市人才集聚水平差异显著,缩小趋势渐缓,整体呈现局部高水平、全局低效率的不利境况;各省市人才集聚水平关键维度的耦合协调度整体呈显著波动递增态势,但内部耦合协调度存在不平衡发展问题,影响地区人才集聚水平整体提升。为提升长江经济带人才集聚水平,推进沿线地区协调发展,需强化区域人才合作机制,采取差别化精准策略破解沿线地区人才集聚低水平、不协调的短板因素。     

Socioeconomic Index for Income and Poverty Prediction: A Sufficient Dimension Reduction Approach

The present paper introduces a novel method for the construction of Socioeconomic Status (SES) indices that are specific to a target variable of interest. It is based on the Sufficient Dimension Reduction (SDR) paradigm and uses a factorized model-based approach to simultaneously deal with predictor variables of mixed nature (i.e. quantitative, binary, and ordinal), which are usual in microeconomic data. These SES indices also identify relevant predictor variables using a two-step regularized matrix factorization approach. Using data from household surveys for Argentina (Encuesta Permanente de Hogares-EPH), the proposed method is compared with other existing dimension reduction algorithms such as standard Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and its version for mixed variables, regression on the full set of variables and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression (LASSO).     

Testing population variance in case of one sample and the difference of variances in case of two samples: Example of wage and pension data sets in Serbia

Testing one population variance and the difference in variances of two populations based on the ordinary t-statistics combined with the bootstrap method are suggested in this article. Suggested techniques are combined with Hall's transformation approach. Application of presented methods in domain of real economic data set is described and analyzed. We compare the outputs of suggested methods and traditional methods for considered data set. The results show that these introduced methods have small advantages in comparisons with traditional methods especially for small samples.     

Probabilistic assessment of fleet-level noise impacts of projected technology improvements

Demand projections for civil aviation have forecast increases in operations in future decades. Increases in demand are beneficial to the growth and advancement of the aviation industry, but also come with the threat of significant increase in environmental impacts. In response, the industry is focusing on programs to develop technologies for reductions in fuel burn, NO_x emissions, and noise. While aircraft-level impacts are an obvious metric of success, it is difficult to make informed robust technology investment decisions with respect to noise without understanding the fleet-level impacts. Fleet-level predictions of noise for technology explorations are especially complicated because it is computationally expensive, highly combinatorial, and airport-specific. Recently, rapid automated airport noise models have been developed, which can be simulated using Design of Experiments (DOE). The results of these simulations are used to generate surrogate models for airport noise contour area, which can be summed to yield a fleet-level impact. These models make use of simplifying assumptions to provide estimates of airport-level noise that are substantially cheaper to compute. They can be used to perform parametric trade-off analyses in conjunction with the equivalency assumption. Equivalency asserts that environmental impacts of a technology infused aircraft can be represented by scaled operations of the baseline aircraft in the same class. This simple assumption allows for the modeling of technology and market penetration factors under the same units: operations. This research uses surrogate models in conjunction with the equivalency assumption to examine two potential technology scenarios in a target forecast year, simulating technology and market performance factors to identify vehicle classes that could have the greatest impact in reducing contour area. Results show that technology and market performance of future notional Small Single Aisle and Large Single Aisle vehicle aircraft have the highest positive correlations with potential reductions in contour area.     

Electrification of a city bus network—An optimization model for cost-effective placing of charging infrastructure and battery sizing of fast-charging electric bus systems

The deployment of battery-powered electric bus systems within the public transportation sector plays an important role in increasing energy efficiency and abating emissions. Rising attention is given to bus systems using fast charging technology. This concept requires a comprehensive infrastructure to equip bus routes with charging stations. The combination of charging infrastructure and bus batteries needs a reliable energy supply to maintain a stable bus operation even under demanding conditions. An efficient layout of the charging infrastructure and an appropriate dimensioning of battery capacity are crucial to minimize the total cost of ownership and to enable an energetically feasible bus operation. In this work, the central issue of jointly optimizing the charging infrastructure and battery capacity is described by a capacitated set covering problem. A mixed-integer linear optimization model is developed to determine the minimum number and location of required charging stations for a bus network as well as the adequate battery capacity for each bus line. The bus energy consumption for each route segment is determined based on individual route, bus type, traffic, and other information. Different scenarios are examined in order to assess the influence of charging power, climate, and changing operating conditions. The findings reveal significant differences in terms of required infrastructure. Moreover, the results highlight a trade-off between battery capacity and charging infrastructure under different operational and infrastructure conditions. This paper addresses upcoming challenges for transport authorities during the electrification process of the bus fleets and sharpens the focus on infrastructural issues related to the fast charging concept.     

项目团队成员绩效考评研究

项目团队成员绩效考评是项目人力资源管理的关键环节之一，是整个人力资源管理的基础。科学、公正、合理的绩效考评，对团队成员的激励、薪酬、晋升都具有重要意义。引入模糊综合考评理论，在阶段性考评的基础上着眼于对项目成员进行综合绩效考评，为项目绩效考评对项目团队成员进行绩效考评提供一种思维方式。