论社会信用关系形成的道德基础

市场经济是以理性化为特征的信用经济或法治经济,需要以自由、平等、信用和契约为基础来建立一种普遍性的交换关系.我国正处在经济体制转轨时期,市场规则和市场秩序尚不健全,离开道德主体人格的塑造和政府信用与企业信用关系的良性互动,要构建和谐社会的信用道德基础,只能是一句空话.要真正发挥道德的调节功能,不仅要在全社会范围内建立符合社会主义市场经济内在要求的道德体系,还要同提高社会参与者的整体素质结合起来,这样才能发挥伦理道德这种"支持性资源"的作用,促进社会信用关系的健康发展.     

股权分置、政府管制和中国IPO抑价

本文报告了中国市场异常高的IPO抑价。我们发现,经典文献关于IPO抑价的种种动机的假说在中国缺乏立论基础。中国市场“股权分置”和“政府管制”的制度安排是导致极高的IPO抑价的根本原因。“股权分置”扭曲了正常的市场利益机制,异化了IPO参与各方的行为方式,割裂了一、二级市场的套利行为。“政府管制”产生的寻租行为增加了一级市场投资者的成本,因此产生更高的IPO抑价。本文研究证实了,如果不解决影响市场正常运转的“股权分置”和过度“政府管制”问题,任何局部的、技术的IPO变革措施都不可能平抑一、二级市场的异常价差。     

Long horizon versus short horizon planning in dynamic optimization problems with incomplete information

Summary. This paper compares the implications of short and long horizon planning in dynamic optimization problems with the structure of a standard one-sector growth model if agents have incomplete knowledge about the production function. Agents know the output and rate of return at the current capital stock and use an estimation of the production function based on this knowledge to determine current consumption. For standard utility functions without wealth-effects both long and short planning horizons yield convergence to the steady state - however at a faster rate than optimal -, or fluctuations around the steady state, and in both cases, long horizon planning yields a policy which locally at the steady state is closer to the optimal one than short horizon planning. On the other hand, for preferences with wealth effects where the intertemporal optimal path exhibits fluctuations, long horizon planning destabilizes the path and short horizon planning can generate paths which are qualitatively closer to the optimal one and yield higher discounted utility.Received: 5 April 2001, Revised: 15 September 2003, JEL Classification Numbers: C61, D83, D90.Herbert Dawid: The author would like to thank Richard Day for numerous stimulating discussions which led to this article and an anonymous referee for helpful comments     

浅析市场自由与政府干预

市场自由与政府干预的争论由来已久,把握二者的内涵、理清二者之间的关系是界定二者作用范围的基础。为更清晰的了解二者对经济和社会的作用,实证方面的分析和检验是十分必要的。通过理论演绎和实证检验可以发现,政府干预对经济增长实际上是有阻碍作用的,但是市场的作用也并不是万能的。这决定了政府与市场无法实现有效结合,经济周期必然伴随市场一直存在下去。     

激发创新活力何以精准施策?基于两地数据的比较研究

考察特定地区政府举措对辖区企业创新活力的影响,识别不同地区政府举措效果之间的差异,对于激发企业创新活力具有重要意义。基于203家中小企业调研数据,对比分析了H地和Y地简政放权、资金支持、政府监管和公共服务4类政府举措对企业创新活力的影响。结果发现,尽管企业整体感知到的两地政府举措相差不大,但不同政府举措对企业创新活力的影响却有很大差异。因此,不同地区激发企业创新活力必须精准施策,在思想上强调精准化的政府职能转变理念,实践中以精准施策为指导方法,实现政府支持企业创新流程再造。     

政府补助方式对新能源汽车企业绩效影响研究

以2010－2015年新能源汽车行业上市公司面板数据为样本,区分政府补助方式,实证分析政府研发补助和非研发补助对企业绩效的影响。研究表明：政府研发补助对企业创新绩效有显著正向影响;政府非研发补助对企业经营绩效有显著正相关作用,且随着企业经营绩效提升,政府非研发补助对企业研发投入起到间接正向作用;企业研发投入在政府补助与企业创新绩效中存在部分中介效应。根据企业成长性对样本进行分组,进一步发现政府研发补助对高成长性企业创新绩效具有显著促进作用,而对低成长性企业无显著影响;政府非研发补助对企业经营绩效均有显著正向影响,对高成长性企业的影响更突出。     

Local content requirements and urban unemployment

Local content requirements (LCRs) are extensively employed in many developing countries that intend to develop the domestic intermediate good sectors as well as the final good sectors. This article investigates the effects of LCRs on the domestic intermediate-good-producing sector, urban unemployment, and welfare.     

政府介入与融资市场效率提高的博弈分析

融资企业在融资的过程中,易于借助其信息优势发生逆向选择和道德风险,损害投资者的利益,致使投资者发生维护自身利益的行为,形成个体理性与集体理性矛盾的纳什均衡,导致融资市场的低效率。政府借助法律机制和监管机制介入融资市场,建立可置信威胁,能够规范融资企业的行为、消除非对称信息、维护投资者利益、改变纳什均衡,提高融资市场效率,但要防止政府介入过度。对上述结论,笔者进行了实证分析,并证明了其正确性。     

Do city climate plans reduce emissions?

More than 600 local governments in the US are developing climate action plans that lay out specific measures to reduce emissions from municipal operations, households and firms. To date, however, it is unclear whether these plans are being implemented or have any causal effects on emissions. Using data from California, I provide the first quantitative analysis of the impacts of climate plans. I find that cities with climate plans have had far greater success in implementing strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions than their counterparts without such plans. For example, they have more green buildings, spend more on pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure, and have implemented more programs to divert waste from methane-generating landfills. I find little evidence, however, that climate plans play any causal role in this success. Rather, citizens’ environmental preferences appear to be a more important driver of both the adoption of climate plans and the pursuit of specific emission reduction measures. Thus, climate plans are largely codifying outcomes that would have been achieved in any case.     

完善公共文化服务体系的财政政策研究

公共文化服务体系作为"十二五"规划的重中之重,是现代政府公共服务体系的重要组成部分,同时也关系着我国经济社会和人的全面发展。建立健全公共文化服务体系,增强公共文化产品供给和服务能力,不断满足人民群众日益增长的精神文化需求,是政府职能在公共文化领域的具体体现,也是服务型政府的历史使命。本文在深刻阐述公共文化服务体系与政府责任的基础上,通过对政府运用财政手段支持公共文化服务体系建设现状的分析,提出建立和完善公共文化服务体系的财政政策,以期推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣。