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141.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been recognised as a major influence upon urban development within emerging economies. As the focus of production shifted toward higher skills and advanced technologies, expatriate high-skilled employees of the Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) began to play a significant role in FDI projects and recipient cities begin to experience urban development associated with residential development and community services for the settlement of these expatriate staff. This research reports on the experience of Korean investment in real estate following earlier projects in manufacturing activity in the Hanoi Capital Region. Korean investors are currently the largest FDI source in Vietnam and Hanoi has been favoured by them. The purpose of this research is to examine that the urban impact of manufacturing FDI on a recipient city is magnified by its connections with Real estate FDI (RFDI) in a way that it spurs (1) intensified real estate development, (2) the creation of new urban cores, and (3) new commuting patterns. The clustering of Korea-specific residential development and service functions is a contribution to change in Hanoi. The Korean-built housing complexes have transplanted Korean-style housing design into gated communities and the residents continue their Korean life-styles with easy access to language-specific community facilities. This research sheds light on the coalescent nature of RFDI with overall FDI via flows of MNEs and expatriate staff that can generate direct and indirect spatial impacts at project, city and regional scales. 相似文献
142.
Growing demand for agricultural produce, coupled with ambitious targets for greenhouse gas emissions reduction present the scientific, policy and agricultural sectors with a substantial mitigation challenge. Identification and implementation of suitable mitigation measures is driven by both the measures’ effectiveness and cost of implementation. Marginal abatement cost curves (MACCs) provide a simple graphical representation of the abatement potential and cost-effectiveness of mitigation measures to aid policy decision-making. Accounting for heterogeneity in farm conditions and subsequent abatement potentials in mitigation policy is problematic, and may be aided by the development of tailored MACCs. Robust MACC development is currently lacking for mitigation measures appropriate to sheep systems. This study constructed farm-specific MACCs for a lowland, upland and hill sheep farm in the UK. The stand-alone mitigation potential of six measures was modelled, against real farm baselines, according to assumed impacts on emissions and productivity. The MACCs revealed the potential for negative cost emissions’ abatement in the sheep industry. Improving ewe nutrition to increase lamb survival offered considerable abatement potential at a negative cost to the farmers across all farms while, lambing as yearlings offered negative cost abatement potential on lowland and upland farms. The results broadly advocate maximising lamb output from existing inputs on all farm categories, and highlight the importance of productivity and efficiency as influential drivers of emissions abatement in the sector. The abatement potentials and marginal costs of other measures (e.g. reducing mineral fertiliser use and selecting pasture plants bred to minimise dietary nitrogen losses) varied between farms, and this heterogeneity was more frequently attributable to differences in individual farm management than land classification. This has important implications for the high level policy sector as no two farms are likely to benefit from a generic one size fits all approach to mitigation. The construction of further case-study farm MACCs under varying farm conditions is required to define the biophysical and management conditions that each measure is most suited to, generating a more tailored set of sector-specific mitigation parameters. 相似文献
143.
我国近些年来经济突飞猛进的发展,其背后房地产对CDP的拉动功不可没,特别在金融危机中,大幅拉动内需,成为我国实体经济的支柱产业,但随着需求增大,房价节节攀升,购房困难成为百姓实现小康生活的头号难题。本文就房价过高产生的原因,以及如何看待我国的房地产政策谈了几点看法,并针对高房价提出了几点对策建议。 相似文献
144.
Michal Andrle Andrew Berg R. Armando Morales Rafael Portillo Jan Vlcek 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2015,83(4):475-505
We develop a semi‐structural new‐Keynesian open‐economy model – with separate food and non‐food inflation dynamics to study the sources of inflation in Kenya in recent years. To do so, we filter international and Kenyan data (on output, inflation and its components, exchange rates and interest rates) through the model to recover a model‐based decomposition of most variables into trends (or potential values) and temporary movements (or gaps) – including for the international and domestic relative price of food. We use the filtration exercise to recover the sequence of domestic and foreign macroeconomic shocks that account for business cycle dynamics in Kenya over the last few years, with a special emphasis on the various factors (international food prices, monetary policy) driving inflation. We find that while imported food price shocks have been an important source of inflation, both in 2008 and more recently, accommodating monetary policy has also played a role, most notably through its effect on the nominal exchange rate. We also discuss the implications of this exercise for the use of model‐based monetary policy analysis in sub‐Saharan African countries. 相似文献
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146.
碳税和碳交易作为主要的碳减排政策工具被大多数重视碳减排的国家所采用。基于对比碳税与碳交易在理论基础、效果成本、减排效果、监督机制以及未来适应性等方面的差异,结合两种政策的执行现状和中国国情,中国应建立碳排放交易与适度碳税相结合的复合政策,降低碳排量,以应对日益凸显的环境问题。 相似文献
147.
本文基于“碳排放强度”的分组思路,分别建立低碳发展区域和高碳发展区域的经济增长-能源消费-信贷投放的面板VAR模型,通过脉冲响应、方差分解和Granger因果检验,比较分析上述三者的动态关系。结果表明:(1)经济增长、能源消费和信贷投放之间的动态关系在低碳发展区域和高碳发展区域存在显著差异。(2)低碳发展区域的信贷投放和能源消费对经济增长具有显著的促进作用,存在着信贷投放对经济增长的“金融加速器”效应,而高碳发展区域的这一现象并不显著。(3)信贷投放是能源消费的Granger原因,表明金融机构较好地执行了国家产业政策和货币政策,促进了能源消费强度的下降。 相似文献
148.
武汉作为国家\"两型社会\"建设的改革试验区,建设低碳武汉是国家赋予武汉的历史使命。在分析武汉工农业及居民碳排放基本情况的基础上,提出了建设低碳武汉的低碳经济政府-企业线和低碳生活政府-社区-家庭线的双线模式。 相似文献
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150.