论跨国公司社会责任的实践路径

社会责任对跨国公司的生产经营具有重要影响。随着企业社会责任（Corporate Social Responsibility,CSR）呼声越来越高,企业受到了越来越多的监督和舆论的压力,与其被动地应付,不如主动地在制定战略方向时就充分考虑各方利益,并且加以协调。在国际经济舞台上有着重要力量的跨国公司开始自觉而认真地审查自己的价值观和行为标准以及与周边社区的相处方式,并在这一过程中逐渐彤成了一些令人关注和被人们所接受的标准,实现了由被动到主动的实践路径。     

Ownership,governance, and the diffusion of HRM practices in multinational worker cooperatives: Case‐study evidence from the Mondragon group

Drawing on a qualitative study of one Mondragon multinational worker cooperative (WC) based on longitudinal data and in‐depth interviews, our research evidences the contradictions that internationalisation poses in WCs, both through privileging managerial control at the expense of worker–member participation and through the setting‐up of capitalist subsidiaries in which employees are excluded from ownership and decision‐making. It further shows how institutions, power relations, and interests shape transfer in WCs, supporting the diffusion of certain human resource management (HRM) practices on grounds of efficiency but hampering the implementation of core cooperative practices. We make a threefold contribution: first, to a strand of inquiry focused on the influence of corporate governance on HRM; second, to the field of international HRM by analysing the cross‐national diffusion of HRM practices in WCs; and third, to ongoing debates on the challenges that WCs face when striving to balance the economic and social dimensions in globalisation.     

Operationalizing peace through commerce: Toward an empirical approach

Most scholars would agree that the goal of business is to create value. Yet, can there be anything more valuable than peace? This article tackles the following research question: How can, or do, businesses advance peace? It explains why peace through commerce is a topic worthy of study and sets out an empirical approach to operationalize it. The implementation of that approach remains in the future, but in this article, I seek to examine the contours of a possible approach. The proposed study will demonstrate how some businesses have already begun to move toward advancing peace and will give direction for how businesses could follow suit in the future. With both a content analysis and a panel data analysis, there would be data to help determine an index for peace through commerce, which would contribute a great deal to the existing body of literature. The proposed study will help scholars and practitioners alike understand the relationship between business and peace better.     

Measuring the diversification benefits of investing in highly internationalised firms

A vast literature exists investigating if Multinational Companies (MNCs) provide indirect international exposure to investors. These studies produce mixed results. Unlike previous studies, we distinguish between various types of MNCs, in particular firms that are consistently international versus firms that are in the process of internationalising. We provide a unique longitudinal dataset of firm-level multinationality of 396 Russell 1000 firms between 1996 and 2010, and estimate the diversification benefits of investing in these firms using mean variance spanning and Sharpe ratio tests. We find that the most consistently international firms provide the greatest diversification benefits. Rapidly internationalising firms provide little benefit, suggesting that the costs of rapid firm-level internationalisation are substantial. This distinction between firms at differing stages of internationalisation adds to the debate on the benefits of investing in MNCs and provides a possible explanation to the conflicting findings in the literature.     

跨国公司在华独资化改善了绩效吗?——基于企业面板数据的实证研究

在2000年外商直接投资中,有一半以上的外资以独资方式进入中国,2008年80%以上的外资以独资进入中国,跨国公司在华独资化越来越明显。外资进入方式只是实现其长期利润最大化的手段,但是独资化改善了外资企业绩效吗?通过对2003～2007年苏州地区4026家制造业外资企业层面数据实证研究我们发现,合资企业绩效要好于独资企业,说明现阶段独资化并没有改善跨国公司在华投资的绩效。不过,相对于合资企业来说,随着经营时间的延长,独资企业的绩效得到明显改善。同时,规模越大的独资企业绩效明显好于同等规模的合资企业,也好于规模较小的独资企业。可见,时间效应和规模效应是影响独资企业绩效的重要变量。这对跨国公司进入中国有重要的指导意义,对我国企业走出去也是一个有益的借鉴。     

跨国公司理论的最新进展及其现实启示

近年来,国际贸易规则和国际分工基础都发生了深刻变化,国际竞争的重心转向以跨国公司数量和在世界范围内整合资源能力为主的微观层次。一些学者基于交易成本、产权等因素探究跨国企业追求控制权配置和内部管理协调的效率边界,已经迅速成为新的理论前沿和研究热点。有鉴于此,本文对跨国公司理论发展历程中的相关文献进行了梳理和总结,并简要评析了其现实意义。     

我国跨国公司汇率风险的运营性对冲实证分析

本文首先回顾30多年来跨国公司管理汇率风险的运营性对冲战略的发展。在此基础上，用数个指标将这些战略量化，构建了这些指标对汇率风险的影响的模型，并选取我国具有代表性的194个公司作为样本，分析了运营性对冲的绩效。最后，对于我国跨国公司的运营性对冲战略提出了相关的政策建议。     

在华跨国公司股权安排的独资化成因、影响及对策

考察20多年来在华跨国公司股权安排的变动趋势，可以清晰地发现，其独资倾向日益明显。且不难预见，今后独资或控股将会成为外商在华直接投资的主导形式。本文从多个角度分析了跨国公司在华投资独资化产生的深层次原因，并分析揭示出其对我国利用外资乃至经济发展带来的负面影响，然后，结合我国改革开放的实践提出了相应的政策建议。     

Estimating the export and import demand for manufactured goods: The role of FDI

In this paper we estimate the demand for exports and imports of manufactured goods for a panel containing the majority of the EU countries as well as the United States and Japan. The model includes as explanatory factors both the traditional determinants of trade and also the stock of foreign direct investment (FDI). We apply panel unit root and cointegration tests allowing for heterogeneity. Whereas there is no evidence of cointegration when using just the traditional formulation, the results are favorable to the existence of long-run relationships linking the variables of the augmented model. Moreover, the results point mainly to a complementary relationship between trade and FDI.     

跨国公司在华R&D投资区位选择的实证分析

从20世纪90年代以来,跨国公司在华研发活动迅速发展,并呈现出在几大区位集中的特点。本文首先对有关国内外跨国公司R&D投资区位选择的研究进行了回顾。然后在分析和总结跨国公司在华R&D投资概况、R&D分布特征的基础上,选取了一套反映我国各地区吸引跨国公司R&D投资的指标体系,采用多元线性回归方法对各区位因素变量进行检验,从中找出了最具影响力的决定因素。最后,根据上述分析结果,在评估各地优劣势的前提下,提出了可供各地政府选择的政策框架。