农业保险属性与政府补贴理论探析

作为准公共物品的农业保险的外部性导致市场机制不能对农业保险资源进行有效配置,保障农业保险的有效供求,从而导致我国农业保险目前的发展困境。农业保险市场机制失灵为政府干预,建立政府补贴型的政策型农业保险制度提供了理论依据,但过度的政府干预和高额政策补贴不仅不能解决市场失灵,反而会产生一系列的负面效应,扭曲市场机制的资源配置功能,降低资源配置效率。因而单纯地依靠市场机制的自发作用或政府干预都不能有效解决目前我国农业保险所面临的问题,关键还在于能否有效地把市场调节和政府干预有机地结合起来,合理界定两者的关系,使二者能达到最优配置,更加公平并富有效率。     

The distributional effect of the rice policy in Japan, 1986–2010

This study aims to evaluate the distributional effect of the governmental rice policy in Japan on producers, consumers, and government expenditures from 1986 to 2010 using a partial equilibrium model. Policy measures include government purchase of rice, output payment, and acreage control. The simulation result shows that acreage control has been the principal policy measure for transferring income to producers, especially since the enforcement of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture. Acreage control is the policy measure with the lowest total efficiency and highest budgetary efficiency. This result implies that the government’s goal of transferring income to producers with minimum government cost has been achieved through a combination of policy measures.     

What makes a good case study? A positivist review of qualitative case research published in Industrial Marketing Management, 1971-2006

Business-to-business marketing research has a long tradition of using qualitative case studies. Industrial Marketing Management (IMM) has actively encouraged the use of case methods, resulting in many important theoretical advances in the field. However, debate still rages over what constitutes “good case research”. This article addresses this issue from a positivist standpoint. We examine the how authors address issues of quality in the 105 qualitative case studies published in IMM between 1971 and 2006. Four periods were identified: 1971-1979, 1980-1989, 1990-1999, and 2000-2006. Findings demonstrate that, from a positivist viewpoint, there has been a steady improvement in how authors addressed issues of research quality in published qualitative case studies. Suggestions for changes in data presentation, reviewer expectations, the IMM reviewer feedback form, and the use of web-based appendices containing data pertinent to reader judgments of research quality are suggested.     

Quality perceptions under evolving information conditions: Implications for diet,health and consumer satisfaction

Consumers’ perception of, and satisfaction with, fruit quality is an important issue for both public policy and commercial reasons. However, because of information problems, consumers cannot easily choose fruits of a quality most likely to satisfy their preferences and health needs. The research reported here employed an experimental auction method to test perceptions of fruit quality by evaluating the willingness to pay (WTP) of consumers for five different varieties of soft citrus under three different information conditions: visual inspection of the fruit before peeling; visual inspection after peeling; and after consumption. Significant differences were found in valuations of the different varieties as consumers gained information. Conclusions are drawn about the value of the methodology and the results themselves, and implications are inferred for policy and for growers and traders. It is argued that product information should be oriented not just towards nutritional education but also towards increasing the pleasure of healthy eating.     

对加入WTO后"以市场换技术"的思考

“以市场换技术”是20世纪80年代中后期以来我国吸引外国直接投资的重要目标之一。本文首先简要回顾了中国在加入WTO前的“以市场换技术”战略,在此基础上,分析了在加入WTO后“以市场换技术”的政策环境和外资在华行为的变化以及国际产业发展呈现出的新趋势,最后对如何促进“以市场换技术”提出了若干建议。     

促进节能减排的税收政策思考

保护环境和节约资源是当前和今后相当长时期内我国经济社会发展必须面对和解决的重大课题。本文从当前我国节能减排的形势出发,分析了国外鼓励节能减排所采取的税收政策及对我国的借鉴,最后根据我国的国情提出了促进节能减排的税收政策。     

从羊草的螺旋扩张策略看企业的生存与发展

通过对羊草的生长过程观察,发现其生存策略为:巩固策略、扩张策略、占领策略、克隆区隔避险策略、有性繁殖避险策略,二八战术,建立了羊草螺旋扩张规律图。类比分析表明,严格按照羊草生存发展策略运行的企业,如海尔集团,阿里巴巴网络公司等都遵循螺旋扩张战略而得到了发展壮大;宝洁集团由于违背了克隆区隔避险策略造成了产品市场占有率的急剧下降,百年老企业王麻子盲目进行品牌延伸(盲目扩张),削弱消费者对"王麻子"品牌的忠诚维系,导致了最后以破产收场;曾经辉煌的巨人集团只进行扩展和占领,没有有效实施巩固和避险策略,造成企业分崩瓦解;因此羊草螺旋扩张战略对企业的生存和发展相关问题具有积极长远的指导意义。     

我国发展低碳经济的途径、模式与政策选择

大力发展低碳经济已经成为金融危机之后世界各国一致认可的下一轮经济增长的动力。当前,我国面临巨大的资源能源约束和环境压力,作为一个负责任的发展中大国,必须积极推进低碳经济发展,制定长远的指导战略,出台鼓励低碳经济发展的政策措施,来引领和助推低碳经济发展。     

经济环境、调控政策与区域房价——基于面板数据同期强相关视角

本文关注经济环境与调控政策等共同冲击对区域房价的影响,强调重大事件与我国房地产市场变动的内在关系;试图从同期相关视角出发,构建区域房价的共同因子模型,并利用2002第一季度至2012第四季度省际面板数据进行实证分析。结果表明：（1）区域房价受经济环境与调控政策两个因子影响;（2）相对于其它经济事件,次贷危机对我国各地区房价的影响最大,相对于其它时期的房价调控政策,2003年-2008年的调控政策更为有效;（3）各地区对共同冲击的反映是异质的。从而,政府在制订房价调控政策时应充分考虑市场反应,以促进房地产市场的协调平稳发展。     

新疆发展蔬菜产业、稳定蔬菜价格的对策研究

蔬菜价格是推高居民消费价格总水平（CPI）的重要因素之一。进入2012年,新疆蔬菜价格呈现快速上涨态势,价格持续维持高位运行,居高不下,对城乡居民生活水平影响较大。本文从2012年上半年蔬菜价格变动特点入手,分析了蔬菜生产、流通等方面存在的问题及其价格偏高的原因,提出了促进设施蔬菜生产、保供应、稳价格的政策建议。