CB – Time Dependent Markov Model for Pricing Convertible Bonds

In this paper, we propose what we call the convertible bond (CB) – timedependent Markov model, which prices N given individual convertible bondssimultaneously, and apply it to Japanese convertible bond data. One of themain features of the model is that it makes full use of the correlationstructure of convertible bond prices. The empirical results show that themodel well describes individual prices in the market.     

Public health infrastructure and growth: Ways to improve the inferior equilibrium under multiple equilibria

This paper develops an endogenous growth model in which public health infrastructure, specified as a stock, plays an important role in economic growth. A notable feature of the model is that it employs a non-separable utility function for consumption, leisure, and the level of public health. In addition, increasing the level of health infrastructure contributes to the production of goods through labor augmentation. With these settings, our model is found to have a unique equilibrium or multiple equilibria, depending on the magnitude of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution. For the case of multiple equilibria, we numerically study the ways to avoid the low-growth state in developing countries. From this, we identify two feasible policy implications. The results indicate that public health infrastructure has a vital role in the development policies of low-income countries. Lastly, we show that there are two possibilities in regard to the local dynamics of the model.     

Do Antitrust Laws Facilitate Collusion? Experimental Evidence on Costly Communication in Duopolies*

Bertrand supergames with non‐binding communication are used to study price formation and stability of collusive agreements on experimental duopoly markets. The experimental design consists of three treatments with different costs of communication: zero‐cost, low‐cost and high‐cost. Prices are found to be significantly higher when communication is costly. Moreover, costly communication decreases the number of messages, but more importantly, it enhances the stability of collusive agreements. McCutcheon (1997) presents an interesting application to antitrust policy by letting the cost of communication symbolize the presence of an antitrust law that prohibits firms from discussing prices. Although our experimental results do not support the mechanism of McCutcheon's (1997) argument, the findings point in the direction of her prediction that antitrust laws might work in the interest of firms.     

A Model Forecasting Risk for Emerging Market Currencies

In this paper, we propose a risk forecasting model for emerging market currencies. Our model is based on the Markov regime switch which is constructed by exploiting daily equity market information, and we show that our model outperforms the existing model using macroeconomic information. We evaluate it by the performance measures, the goodness-of-fit and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.     

Speculative hyperinflations and currency substitution

We propose a rational expectations framework for understanding speculative hyperinflations that end in response to ‘orthodox’ stabilization programs. Motivated by a strong degree of hysteresis in the stock of real balances after the end of hyperinflations, we provide a cash-and-credit model in which the money demand exhibits persistence because individuals can establish long-lasting credit relationships. We use the model to show that if hysteresis in real balances is possible then a fiscal–monetary reform that successfully stops a speculative hyperinflation may fail to prevent it. We argue that speculative hyperinflationary equilibria are consistent with some key stylized facts observed in extreme hyperinflations.     

浅谈会计电算化的内部控制制度的完善

会计电算化使会计人员从繁重的手工会计工作中解脱出来，但同时也给内部控制制度的建立带来了新的问题。通过参考大量文献资料，结合多年的工作经验，文中对会计电算化的内部控制制度的完善，提出了自己的建议，以其为有关会计工作人员提供参考。     

我国钢铁企业技术创新能力分布及演变态势研究

本文依据我国20家大中型上市钢铁企业1998～2013年各项技术创新指标的面板数据,在对企业技术创新能力进行综合评价的基础上,运用非参数Kernel密度估计方法及马尔可夫链分析模型,对我国钢铁企业技术创新能力的分布及发展演变态势进行了研究,研究结果显示：①我国钢铁企业技术创新能力呈现出“单峰→双峰→单峰”的演变规律,钢铁企业技术创新能力水平总体上都得到了一定程度的提高,但不同钢铁企业技术创新能力的发展速度和水平呈现出明显的不平衡性;②不同钢铁企业Kernel密度分布状态与企业所在地区铁矿资源禀赋和工业经济发展水平存在高度关联性;③钢铁企业技术创新能力经过长期发展和积累过程,客观上存在着低水平状态逐渐向高水平状态转移的现实可能性,但由于不同钢铁企业自身的差异性特征,技术创新能力发展将表现出不同步性;④加快企业优化重组和提高生产能力集中度、加强现代高新技术对钢铁产业的改造和升级、加大政府政策引导和科技资金投入是实现钢铁企业技术创新能力快速提升的重要途径。     

基于马尔科夫分析的航材消耗预测

准确预测航材消耗量对保障飞行意义重大,航材消耗的特点符合马尔科夫过程。马尔科夫预测是关于事件发生概率预测的方法,通过示例分析表明在样本数据符合条件的情况下运用马尔科夫分析对航材消耗进行预测能够取得较好的预测效果。     

欠发达省域经济差异的时空演变分析

基于1989—2012年广西89个县域经济数据,利用分解的Theil指数和马尔可夫链方法,探索欠发达省域差异的时空演变。结果表明:广西区域差异对地理尺度很敏感,县域间的差异最大,其次为地市间,区域间的发展最为平衡。三大区域内部差距的增大是促成广西整体差异拉大的主导力量。广西区域经济发展存在俱乐部趋同现象,2000—2012年间的更为显著,欠发达地区极有可能陷入"贫困陷阱"。区域间的两极分化趋势增强,趋同俱乐部总体上呈环状分布特征。高水平趋同俱乐部的分布逐渐由市辖区扩散到邻近的县域。低水平趋同俱乐部主要分布在桂西资源富集区。中高水平趋同俱乐部环绕高水平趋同俱乐部外围,而中低水平趋同俱乐部集中分布在中高水平趋同俱乐部外围。广西县域单元平稳者居多,向上转移有所增加。     

The Beauty Contest and Short‐Term Trading

Short‐termism need not breed informational price inefficiency even when generating beauty contests. We demonstrate this claim in a two‐period market with persistent liquidity trading and risk‐averse, privately informed, short‐term investors and find that prices reflect average expectations about fundamentals and liquidity trading. Informed investors engage in “retrospective” learning to reassess inferences (about fundamentals) made during the trading game's early stages. This behavior introduces strategic complementarities in the use of information and can yield two stable equilibria that can be ranked in terms of liquidity, volatility, and informational efficiency. We derive implications that explain market anomalies as well as empirical regularities.