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11.
In this paper, quadratic term structure models (QTSMs) are analyzed and characterized in a general Markovian setting. The primary motivation for this work is to find a useful extension of the traditional QTSM, which is based on an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) state process, while maintaining the analytical tractability of the model. To accomplish this, the class of quadratic processes, consisting of those Markov state processes that yield QTSM, is introduced. The main result states that OU processes are the only conservative quadratic processes. In general, however, a quadratic potential can be added to allow QTSMs to model default risk. It is further shown that the exponent functions that are inherent in the definition of the quadratic property can be determined by a system of Riccati equations with a unique admissible parameter set. The implications of these results for modeling the term structure of risk-free and defaultable rates are discussed. 相似文献
12.
纽约股票市场对中国A股市场的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
首先,本文考察了纽约股市波动对中国A股市场的影响。一般认为,中国的A股市场由于严格的资本控制而免受外国影响。但是,通过月度、每周、每日的样本数据(1992年到2004年),经过季节性调整和汇率变动调整后,我们发现上海和深圳A股市场的变动与美国股票价格指数变动相一致。其次,我们考察国家贝塔值(country beta)在马尔可夫转换误差修正模型中的动态关系。对中国市场来说,国家贝塔值和错误纠正项的重要性紧密相连。在东亚金融危机之前,美国市场对中国A股市场的影响普遍存在,而东亚金融危机产生后,则是通过国家贝塔值来影响中国股市的收益。 相似文献
13.
Five years after the introduction of unified monetary policy in the EMU, some member countries are wondering whether they have ceded too much of their policy-making powers. The fact that National Central Banks no longer carry out sizable expansionary open market or foreign exchange market operations suggests that they face substantially reduced abilities to set economic policy.This paper demonstrates that, in fact, very little power has been yielded: on the fiscal front, the force of such policy initiatives is enhanced by the fixity of the exchange rate. On the monetary front, we show that there is an observational equivalence between all Central Bank actions under fixed exchange rates. This implies that the authorities retain the same amount of policy flexibility as before. So long as they use an alternative form of policy initiative, carrying out what previously would have been characterized as sterilized foreign exchange market operations, their ability to influence the macro performance of their economy is undiminished. 相似文献
14.
Bayesian MCMC Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci in a Half-sib Design: a Graphical Model Perspective
N.A. Sheehan B. Gulbrandtsen M.S. Lund D.A. Sorensen 《Revue internationale de statistique》2002,70(2):241-267
Graphical models provide a powerful and flexible approach to the analysis of complex problems in genetics. While task-specific software may be extremely efficient for any particular analysis, it is often difficult to adapt to new computational challenges. By viewing these genetic applications in a more general framework, many problems can be handled by essentially the same software. This is advantageous in an area where fast methodological development is essential. Once a method has been fully developed and tested, problem-specific software may then be required. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the potential use of a graphical model approach to genetic analyses by taking a very simple and well-understood problem by way of example. 相似文献
15.
客户忠诚指客户行为的持续性,它对确立企业的核心竞争力具有重要影响。文章认为,客户忠诚是内外部环境因素共同作用的结果。而通讯服务质量、信任、转网成本、员工忠诚是影响通讯业客户忠诚的重要因素。其中,良好的通讯服务质量是维系客户忠诚的保障;信任是客户再购买行为产生的前提;转网成本对通讯业客户忠诚有着不可忽视的影响;员工忠诚有助于客户忠诚的建立。我国通讯运营商要建立客户忠诚,必须以客户导向的营销理念作为企业经营管理的主导思想;加强技术创新,为客户提供全方位的优质服务;与客户之间建立相互信任的合作关系,为长远合作奠定基础;提高转网成本和员工忠诚度,为建立客户忠诚打下坚实的内部基础。 相似文献
16.
This paper starts from the observation that inflation in transition economies appears to be persistently high and volatile and attempts to provide some empirical characterisation of the inflation process in three such transition economies: Poland, Hungary and Czech Republic. We first consider the role of monetary growth as a major causal factor for inflation in these economies, and argue that the evidence provides rather weak support for the causal relationship. We then propose a transition economy cost-plus model and estimate this using the equilibrium-correction modelling (ECM) strategy augmented by introduction of a number of transitory factors and changes in the internal structure of the real economy which we believe may have had a significant impact on inflation in these economies. We show that this approach enables us to account for long-run inflation in these economies from the early 1980s to the present despite the turbulence of the latter part of the sample period. Our results support wage and exchange rate based inflation policies. 相似文献
17.
D.A. Overdijk 《Statistica Neerlandica》1984,38(4):261-272
For an arbitrary subset A of the finite state space 5 of a Markov chain the so–called embedded matrix P A is introduced. By use of these matrices formulas expressing all kinds of probabilities can be written down almost automatically, and calculated very easily on a computer. Also derivations can be given very systematically. 相似文献
18.
19.
曹勇 《石家庄经济学院学报》2005,28(5):589-594
资本账户开放是印度一揽子经济改革开放的重要组成部分,印度政府对资本账户开放采取了灵活而实用的态度.从直接投资、证券投资、商业性外部借款和非居民印度人计划4个方面介绍了20世纪90年代以来印度资本账户开放的主要内容,分析了银行改革、汇率制度与资本账户开放的关联性.印度和中国的资本账户开放进程拥有许多相似之处,也存在值得中国借鉴的经验和启示. 相似文献
20.
从提高顾客满意度(CS)的视角,研究了生态供应链(ESC)环境下绿色采购决策优化问题。利用两状态、时间离散的Markov链描述了CS的动态转移过程,以赋值形式引入利润变量,建立了ESC绿色采购决策的随机优化模型,体现了顾客导向的思想;并且给出了应用算法释例。 相似文献