Temporary population estimates of mass tourism destinations: The case of Benidorm

Benidorm (Spain) is a large-scale tourism destination on the Mediterranean coast, and its temporary population can be divided into users of regulated tourist accommodation and unregistered visitors, as occurs in other destinations. The number of these different types of unregistered temporary inhabitants should be estimated separately to gauge more accurate population figures in tourist destinations which are subject to seasonality. Indicators such as drinking water consumption or solid waste generation are used to estimate the number of unregistered visitors. The results reveal that the average total population of Benidorm at least doubles the registered resident population. Additionally, a population density index has been calculated to assess urban sustainability. The methodology adopted can be applied to other case studies in order to estimate total populations, which is vital for the adequate provision of public services.     

Dependent on one but vulnerable to another: opportunism threats and control solutions for customization providers

While economic theory suggests that identifying alternate customers is costlier than identifying alternate specialized employees for customization providers, substantial field research evidence indicates the opposite, where providers are reportedly more dependent on employees than customers. We inquire into this contrasting picture between theory and practice through an in‐depth case study that suggests that what begins as customer dependence transforms into vulnerability to employees. While perceived vulnerability to customers is efficiently removed through ex ante controls, the physical asset specificity in each customer order generates task uncertainty, specialization and teamwork, which become the new sources of opportunism threat for the customization providers. Compounded layers of ex ante and ex post controls with frequent iterations suggest a need for continuous management (as against removal) of vulnerability to employees.     

教育学视域下社会体育发展若干问题的思考

文章运用文献资料法、专家访谈法研究新时期社会体育发展过程中的突出问题,包括学生的就业问题和实践问题、社会体育专业课程设置问题,并结合实际对上述问题进行分析,并提出建议。     

色谱质谱技术在消费品安全检测中的应用进展

随着REACH、RoHS等各类法规的持续出台及人们对消费品安全问题的不断重视,日用消费品中有毒有害物质检测成为近年来分析化学的研究热点。本文以邻苯二甲酸类增塑剂、有机锡类化合物为例,回顾了色谱质谱技术在消费品（如纺织品、电子电气产品、涂料、木制品等）安全检测中的应用情况,并对未来的研究方向做了初步展望。     

Development, democracy, and mass killings

Using a newly assembled dataset spanning from 1820 to 1998, we study the relationship between the occurrence and magnitude of episodes of mass killing and the levels of development and democracy across countries and over time. Mass killings appear to be more likely at intermediate levels of income and less likely at very high levels of democracy. However, the estimated relationship between democracy and probability of mass killings is not linear in the full sample. In the XXth century, discrete improvements in democracy are systematically associated with episodes involving fewer victims.When human lives are endangered, when human dignity is in jeopardy, national borders and sensitivities become irrelevant. Whenever men or women are persecuted because of their race, religion, or political views, that place must—at that moment—become the center of the universe. – Elie Wiesel– Nobel Prize acceptance speech, 1986.     

Spatial Dependence,Housing Submarkets,and House Price Prediction

This paper compares alternative methods of controlling for the spatial dependence of house prices in a mass appraisal context. Explicit modeling of the error structure is characterized as a relatively fluid approach to defining housing submarkets. This approach allows the relevant submarket to vary from house to house and for transactions involving other dwellings in each submarket to have varying impacts depending on distance. We conclude that—for our Auckland, New Zealand, data—the gains in accuracy from including submarket variables in an ordinary least squares specification are greater than any benefits from using geostatistical or lattice methods. This conclusion is of practical importance, as a hedonic model with submarket dummy variables is substantially easier to implement than spatial statistical methods.

基于财产税征收的不动产价值评估——对北京市4个内城区的实证分析

通过对2006年北京市东城区、西城区、宣武区、崇文区4个行政区461个二手房交易有效数据的多元回归分析,建立了不动产价值批量评估模型,并对25个二手房交易价格与评估价格进行了比较.研究认为,可以通过建立健全不动产交易数据信息系统,对未来财产税征收为目的的不动产价值进行高效率、低成本的批量评估.建议对不动产市场交易不活跃的城镇,结合城镇土地定级估价成果和建筑物价值的成本法评估,合理确定基于财产税征收目的的不动产价值.     

利用HS-GC/MS和响应面法分析纸中溶剂残留的方法研究

本研究以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺为稀释剂,使用顶空-气相色谱质谱联用分析法（HS-GC/MS）测定了纸质包装材料中常见的8种有机溶剂的残留。采用HP-5MS色谱柱分离有机溶剂,He气流速为1ml/min;进样口温度250℃;升温程序为初始温度35℃,保持3min,以10℃/min速率升温至100℃,保持2min,共11.5min可以将8种有机溶剂分离开来。运用响应面法优化前处理温度和时间,发现前处理温度对峰面积影响显著,而前处理时间影响较不显著;最佳前处理温度为100℃,时间40min。该实验条件下,计算回归方程和相关系数,根据信噪比（S/N）为3,确定检出限。结果得到：8种残留溶剂的线性范围为0.330-7.956mg/m~2,线性相关系数为0.9952-0.9997,检出限为0·01-0.38mg/m^2;加标回收率为99%-114.8%,相对标准偏差RSD（n=5）为0.916%-1.455%。     

A scheduling model of logistics service supply chain based on the mass customization service and uncertainty of FLSP’s operation time

Building on previous research, this paper establishes a new multi-objective program scheduling model of Logistics service supply chain that considers the uncertainty of operation time for functional logistics service providers (FLSPs) in a mass customization service environment. This model aims to minimize total scheduling costs, minimize the difference between the scheduled and actual time of each service process, and maximize the average satisfaction of FLSPs. Considering the differences in target priority, the goal programming method is applied to solve the model hierarchically. In addition, the effects of scheduling parameters on scheduling objectives are provided after numerical analysis.     

Customization in bicycle retailing

The purpose of this paper is to explore the process of customization by investigating how retailers and consumers interact in bicycle retailing. The paper focuses on three high-end bicycle retailers. Building on qualitative data gathered through interviews and netnography, this study takes both retailers’ and consumers’ processes into account. The results show that retailers capitalize on external and internal opportunities for co-creation, including new technologies, production and distribution innovations, and social media. Retailers’ planning for co-creation plays a significant role in providing a unique shopping experience for consumers. This includes supply chain solutions such as effective inventory and warehousing systems, partnerships and outsourcing, tracking, and postponement, which facilitate simplicity. Retailers rely on feedback from consumers to improve their planning and implementation processes. In terms of consumer processes, several emotions are evident, including the sense of standing-out and self-esteem, fun and coolness, creativity and imagination, and most importantly, the possibility of reflecting one’s personality in self-designed bikes. Systems that are easy to interact with, such as interactive online configurators, contribute to consumers’ cognitive processes. Loyalty and positive word-of-mouth turns out to be a common manifestation of the behavior associated with such co-creation processes. We also reflect on how, by what means, and why consumers and retailers engage in co-creation through customization, mainly pertaining to learning and innovation. Our results also point to various possible outcomes from such processes for consumer and retailers; including expressing ones personality and individuality for consumers, and providing product variety efficiently, and boosting brand image for retailers.