提高食品安全分析检测技术完善食品安全保障体系

近年来食品安全问题愈发引起人们的重视,但是,当前我们的食品安全检测技术以及评价依据等仍然存在一定的制约,影响到食品的安全检测,为此,我们也需要进一步完善食品的安全检测技术,建立起完善的食品安全标准以及保障体系,提高我们国家食品安全水平。     

Modelling the urban heat island effect of smart growth policy scenarios in Brisbane

Smart growth policy has been identified as a panacea to tackle a range of undesirable outcomes of sprawl development. Various neighbourhood planning concepts have been developed following smart growth principles such as transit oriented development, and infill development. Existing empirical studies, however, do not answer to a key policy question: can smart growth policies reduce the urban heat island (UHI) effect? If so, what type of smart growth policy would be most effective? This research examined the questions by deriving five alternative neighbourhood planning scenarios for Brisbane for 2023: a) business as usual, b) transit oriented development (TOD), c) infill development, d) motorway corridor oriented development, and e) sprawl development. The research utilises Landsat remote sensing images of 1991, 2004, and 2013 to: first, estimate and validate a Geographically Weighted Regression model in order to identify statistically significant factors influencing the UHI intensities in Brisbane; and second, predict the UHI intensities of the five policy scenarios. Two factors were identified to have significant influence on the UHI intensities in Brisbane: population density, and porosity. Results show that compared to the 2004 and 2013 levels, Brisbane will respectively experience a higher and lower levels of UHI effect in 2023, irrespective of the policy scenarios. On average, the infill development scenario, as a smart growth policy, has a marginally better potential to mitigate the UHI effect in Brisbane in 2023 compared to the sprawl development scenario conditional on the definition applied in this research. The UHI effect would be more equitably balanced spatially under the sprawl development scenario.     

金融支持农民专业合作社发展的实践与启示——以吉林省柳河县向阳红黑牛养殖农民专业合作社发展为例

加大对农民专业合作社等新兴经营主体扶持力度,是今年中央1号文件定下的政策基调。如何有效加大对农民专业合作社支持力度,成为目前金融界,乃至社会各界关注的热点。本文从一个金融支持农民专业合作社发展的成功案例人手,力图通过分析过程、总结经验,探讨金融支持农民专业合作社发展的最佳路径。     

我国中小企业融资难原因及对策分析

我国中小企业融资现阶段普遍面临融资难的问题,主要原因是政府扶持力度不够,银行信贷投向不合理,担保制度不健全,以及中小企业自身的各方面问题。帮助中小企业走出融资难困境,必须要加强政策支持,改革现有金融体制,完善企业内部治理结构。     

Increasing the number of black chartered accountants in South Africa: an empirical review of educational issues

South Africa has a shortage of black chartered accountants. This situation has arisen due to a combination of political, socio-economic and related educational reasons during the four decades of apartheid rule. In recent years, numerous academic ventures have commenced in an attempt to increase the number of black chartered accountants. This paper reviews and identifies, through an empirically-based exploratory study, the educational issues potentially inhibiting the development of black chartered accountants in South Africa, as well as the academic support structures which have arisen in response to these perceived educational barriers. Both academic support organizations and recently qualified black chartered accountants in South Africa were surveyed through in-depth interviews and structured self-administered questionnaires. This study found, inter alia, that role models, as a motivational factor for black accounting students, were extremely important. Cognitive factors, such as writing skills and the interpretation of numerical data, were identified as areas of primary concern, whilst issues with respect to certain study needs, such as assistance with study skills and examination techniques, also warranted attention. This study also found that the overall approach of academic support organizations to programme structure and design appears to be addressing student needs adequately. Certain improvements, however, are recommended. Of particular concern, is the general lack of studies on the effectiveness of academic support programmes.     

Advancing the evidence base for public policies impacting on dietary behaviour,physical activity and sedentary behaviour in Europe: The Policy Evaluation Network promoting a multidisciplinary approach

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of global mortality. As the social and economic costs of NCDs have escalated, action is needed to tackle important causes of many NCD’s: low physical activity levels and unhealthy dietary behaviours. As these behaviours are driven by upstream factors, successful policy interventions are required that encourage healthy dietary behaviours, improve physical activity levels and reduce sedentary behaviours of entire populations. However, to date, no systematic research on the implementation and evaluation of policy interventions related to these health behaviours has been conducted across Europe. Consequently, no information on the merit, gaps, worth or utility of cross-European policy interventions is available, and no guidance or recommendations on how to enhance this knowledge across European countries exists. As part of the Joint Programming Initiative “A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life” (JPI HDHL), 28 research institutes from seven European countries and New Zealand have combined their expertise to form the Policy Evaluation Network (PEN). PEN’s aim is to advance tools to identify, evaluate, implement and benchmark policies designed to directly or indirectly target dietary behaviours, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour in Europe, as well as to understand how these policies increase or decrease health inequalities. Using well-defined evaluation principles and methods, PEN will examine the content, implementation and impact of policies addressing dietary behaviour, physical activity levels and sedentary behaviour across Europe. It will realise the first steps in a bespoke health policy monitoring and surveillance system for Europe, and refine our knowledge of appropriate research designs and methods for the quantification of policy impact. It will contribute to our understanding of how to achieve successful transnational policy implementation and monitoring of these policies in different cultural, demographic or socioeconomic settings. PEN will consider equity and diversity aspects to ensure that policy actions are inclusive and culturally sensitive. Finally, based on three policy cases, PEN will illustrate how best to evaluate the implementation and impact of such policies in order to yield healthy diets and activity patterns that result in healthier lives for all European citizens.     

关于梧州市六堡茶产业发展的调查与思考

本文调查分析广西梧州六堡茶产业发展状况及存在问题,并提出相关政策建议,积极探索金融资本向地方优势产业资本渗透的途径,有效形成合作共赢的良好局面,努力促进地方优势产业发展成为强势支柱产业。     

Self-employment policies and migrants' entrepreneurship in Germany

This paper presents results from a European project on policy and migrants' entrepreneurship in Germany. It develops a concept of biographical policy evaluation by analysing the extent to which the biographical processes that have led to self-employment among migrants in individual cases correspond to those anticipated by policy. The study identifies a biographical structure composed of two phases that shape the status passage to self-employment. During these phases, personal resources are mobilized and/or attempts are made to access policy support. Self-employment policies are fragmented in that they are designed to address specific stages of the process. Migrants are often excluded from policy participation, either as a result of policy failures or through a manner of implementation that is frequently influenced by prejudices and stereotypes. Deprived of class resources and sometimes unable to utilize ethnic resources, migrant would-be entrepreneurs require public support. The ‘bridging allowance’ scheme to encourage self-employment among the unemployed currently in place in Germany (Überbrückungsgeld) could serve as a model for a more adequate support policy for non-privileged business starters that would better allow for the participation of migrants.     

关于器材保障供应链管理库存控制

结合器材保障供应链中存在的牛鞭效应，就实施供应链管理的一个重要方面——库存控制问题进行探讨，提出了实行供应商管理库存的库存控制策略，并就其实施作了初步研究。     

基于PCA-SVM的交通事件检测研究

随着自动控制等技术的不断发展,智能事件自动检测系统为高速公路事件检测提供了有效的途径。但传统的检测方法因为交通数据样本有限、输入交通特征过于冗余、参数设置无法达到最优等问题的影响而无法获得更优的性能。文中采用I-880实测数据集,运用主成分分析方法对交通输入特性进行特征选择,构建支持向量机事件检测模型,最后用粒子群算法选择支持向量机模型参数,获得了满意的检测效果,为设计高性能的事件检测算法提供了方法,具有一定的现实意义。