Community-engaged philanthropy: The role of the fundraiser in building equitable communities

In recent years, fundraisers have become increasingly focused on major gift solicitation while donors have been making larger gifts to fewer organizations. As this trend continues, some have begun to question whether major organizations and/or wealthy individuals now have too much control over the work of nonprofits and the communities they serve. While it is true that major gifts are important and can made a noticeable, positive impact, in some cases community members might see their impact as intrusive. In situations such as this, what is the “best” course of action? How should fundraisers consider, balance, and address the perspectives and rights of their organization, donors, and community members? This paper creates a framework for fundraisers as they consider not only their responsibilities to their organization and constituents, but also their responsibilities for promoting equity within their community as a whole. This paper draws on the social-ecological model, as well as concepts from intersectionality, to explore how fundraisers can increase involvement from all community members in a nonprofit's work to create a participatory and community-engaged process, with a special focus on including those who are typically marginalized, rather than maintaining a hierarchical system of power. It also draws on the theories of rights-balanced fundraising ethics, community-centric fundraising, and other ethical frameworks of fundraising and public administration to compare what is being done by fundraisers to what should be done to encourage ethical practices in fundraising. The paper is supplemented by examples of the impact of implementing (or not implementing) community engagement in fundraising practices. This paper aims to create a community-engaged philanthropy framework for fundraisers as they consider not only their responsibilities to their organization and donors, but also their responsibilities for promoting equitable distributions of power within their community. This framework provides specific guidance for fundraisers as to how they can balance these multiple (and sometimes competing) responsibilities while also keeping ethics at the forefront of their actions. It demonstrates how, by taking a community-engaged approach to their work, fundraisers are able to bring about better long-term outcomes for their organization. Specifically, the framework considers: (1) To whom are fundraisers most responsible, and to whom should fundraisers be most responsible—their nonprofit, their donors, or those being served? (2) For what rights of community members must the fundraiser account when soliciting funds, and to what extent is the fundraiser responsible for upholding these rights? (3) In what ways can an invitation from a fundraiser to make a gift also invite some level of power or control over the organization's work? (4) To what extent do fundraisers have the responsibility to maintain an equitable power balance among their constituents, including donors and those served? (5) How can fundraisers help ensure that all community members are able to participate in the organization's work to extent that they are willing and able?     

旅游形象认知的时间顺序对旅游目的地形象认知的影响研究--以银川沙湖与榆林红碱淖为例

旅游者对旅游目的地的形象认知是影响旅游活动的重要因素,对旅游目的地形象定位和市场营销策略的选择都具有重要的参考价值。许多因素对旅游目的地形象认知都产生影响,其中认知的时间特征对旅游目的地形象认知的影响是一个值得关注的新课题:旅游者对不同旅游目的地形象认知的先后顺序对旅游目的地形象认知是否产生影响以及这种影响的程度如何。文章以银川沙湖与榆林红碱淖为例,对旅游者对旅游目的地形象认知中的“先入为主”与“既成事实”效应进行了分析,初步证明旅游者对不同旅游目的地形象感知的先后顺序对旅游目的地形象认知产生影响,并针对案例景区的情况,强调了旅游形象定位与市场营销中的先发优势,提出了自己的观点。     

未决羁押制度研究

未决羁押制度是各国刑事诉讼活动中普遍适用的剥夺刑事被追诉人人身自由的强制措施,其具体是指有关刑事追诉机关在法院终局判决之前对被追诉人按照刑事诉讼法律相关规定予以羁押的刑事诉讼活动。无论是大陆法系还是英美法系均从保障被追诉人人权角度出发广泛建立了未决羁押制度,以期通过严格的法律程序防止羁押权滥用与保障被追诉人人身自由。然而中国迄今为止没有较完整意又上的未决羁押制度,而且出现了羁押权行使没有独立的司法审查机制介入等问题。因此确有必要对中国的未决羁押制度进行完善,从而实现刑事诉讼程序意义上的保障人权。     

我国旅游资源产权问题探析

旅游企业产权明晰问题已逐渐被社会认同，而旅游资源产权明晰问题却未受到应有重视。我国旅游资源产权界定不清，产权制度安排不合理，已在某种程度上束缚和妨碍了我国旅游资源的合理利用和旅游业的进一步发展。旅游资源产权问题成为近期旅游界的一个热点话题。文章主要运用俱乐部理论、资源价值理论、产权理论等，从深层次上对我国旅游资源产权不明晰的成因进行了分析，并对构建我国现代旅游资源产权制度提出了一些建议。     

我国农村土地制度改革中的公平与效率问题探析

当前农地制度改革面临错综复杂的问题,土地产权不清,使用权缺乏保障,农民对土地的均田与稳定要求的矛盾等,其中都体现了公平和效率的问题。所以要明确界定土地产权,给予农民平等的、稳定的、长期的土地使用权,区别对待土地承包期内使用权的继承问题,才能促进土地生产效率的进一步提高和土地使用权的合理流转,有效地处理好公平与效率的关系。     

中小企业技术创新的制约因素及其对策研究

中小企业作为推广使用高新技术的第一阵地 ,在技术创新过程中扮演着极其重要的角色。但目前 ,中国中小企业在技术创新活动中却受到诸多因素的制约 ,因此 ,本文在具体剖析了中小企业技术创新障碍的基础上 ,提出了提升其技术创新能力及优化其创新环境的若干对策。     

土地股份合作制的产权分析

要解决好中国的农民问题 ,应重新构建中国的农地制度。土地股份制应是完善农地制度的一项创新 ,是解决土地流转的有效方法 ,很可能成为中国农地制度改革的主导模式。     

Human Resource Management and Fortune's Corporate Reputation Survey

This study investigates the relationship between human resource objectives and Fortune's corporate reputation score. Questionnaires were received from 83 human resource executives of companies measured in Fortune's survey. The questionnaire measured the degree to which the following HR objectives underlie HR activities: (1) treating employees fairly, (2) improving organizational performance, and (3) complying with the law. Results show that a significant, positive correlation exists between emphasis placed on the fairness objective and corporate reputation.     

我国上市公司股东权利配置\n——以公司控制权为视角

所有权和经营权的分离是社会生产力发展的要求,公司控制权是所有权和经营权之间矛盾运动的纽结,体现股东之间权利配置上的竞争性合作关系。它不仅顺应了生产力发展的要求,也有效降低了所有权和经营权分离的负面效应。公司控制权的发展存在独立化和工具化的趋势,使得股东之间权利配置失衡。在我国政企关系的历史路径背景下,防止公司控制权的滥用和保障公司控制权独立性是我国法律规制的重点。法律规制应与公司自治的基本理念相适应,以表决权的制度构造和对国有股权的监管为主要内容配置股东权利。     

试析外商直接投资对我国民族工业的控制

在去年3月4日召开的政协经济组联席会上,国家统计局前局长李德水做了题为《继续积极有效利用外资不断提高对外开放水平》的发言,直言对外资垄断性并购我国企业应保持足够关注。可见,外商直接投资对我国民族工业的控制倾向已初露端倪。为此,文中首先从产业、市场和品牌三方面分析了外商直接投资对我国民族工业的控制迹象;其次指出产生这种迹象的自身原因;最后针对原因提出一些建议。