A data-driven decision support system with smart packaging in grocery store supply chains during outbreaks

The unexpected emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has changed how grocery shopping is done. The grocery retail stores need to ensure hygiene, quality, and safety concerns in-store shopping by providing “no-touch” smart packaging solutions for agri-food products. The benefit of smart packaging is to inform consumers about the freshness level of a packaged product without having direct contact. This paper proposes a data-driven decision support system that uses smart packaging as a smart product-service system to manage the sustainable grocery store supply chain during outbreaks to prevent food waste. The proposed model dynamically updates the price of a packaged perishable product depending on freshness level while reducing food waste and the number of rejected customers and maximising profit by increasing the inventory turnover rate of grocery stores. The model was tested on a hypothetical but realistic case study of a single product. The results of this study showed that stock capacities, freshness discount rate, freshness period, and quantity discounts significantly affect the performance of a grocery store supply chain during outbreaks.     

BOT项目特许权期决策方法研究

特许经营期长短的决定是高速公路BOT特许权经营的一个核心问题。由于在特许经营期的确定直接关系到东道国政府和项目公司的利益分配,如果特许权期限较长,东道国的利益受损;特许权期限较短则会影响项目公司的利益,这都会导致BOT项目的失败。本文分析了一些影响特许权经营期的因素,并分析了这些因素对特许权经营期决策的影响,建立了基于蒙特卡罗方法来确定特许经营期的模型,从而提供了更系统的理论方法来判断和决策BOT项目特许经营期。